# Czechia and Slovakia compared Czechia and Slovakia side by side: 42 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 13 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/cze-vs-svk Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Czechia: c. 870 — The Přemyslids establish the Duchy of Bohemia - Slovakia: 1 January 1993 — Slovakia and the Czech Republic become two separate countries ## Economy | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $347 B | 2024 | $141 B | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $31,823 | 2024 | $25,993 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 1.2% | 2024 | 1.9% | 2024 | | Inflation | 2.4% | 2024 | 2.8% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 131.5% | 2024 | 171.2% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 11 m | 2024 | 5.4 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 80.0 yrs | 2024 | 78.4 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 72.8% | 2024 | 53.2% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 1.4 | 2024 | 1.5 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 78.8 | 2024 | 73.1 | 2024 | | Political stability | 82.5 | 2024 | 76.7 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 74.2 | 2024 | 64.1 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 74.3 | 2024 | 61.2 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 77.4 | 2024 | 66.6 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 66.7 | 2024 | 50.1 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 8.5% | 2024 | 7.4% | 2023 | | Physicians | 4.35 | 2022 | 3.70 | 2022 | | Under-5 mortality | 2.6 | 2024 | 6.3 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 89.0% | 2024 | 94.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 98.1% | 2024 | 99.6% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Education spending | 4.3% | 2022 | 4.7% | 2022 | | Primary enrolment | 99.7% | 2023 | 102.8% | 2024 | | Secondary enrolment | 97.6% | 2023 | 93.2% | 2024 | | Tertiary enrolment | 66.7% | 2023 | 54.5% | 2024 | ## Technology | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 1.8% | 2023 | 1.0% | 2023 | | Researchers (per million) | 4,505 | 2023 | 3,507 | 2023 | | Internet users | 87.7% | 2024 | 89.8% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 127 | 2024 | 140 | 2024 | | High-tech exports | 22.4% | 2024 | 10.6% | 2024 | ## Geography | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 77,167 km² | 2023 | 48,080 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 34.8% | 2023 | 40.1% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 45.8% | 2023 | 38.0% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 7.1 | 2024 | 5.5 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 17.2% | 2021 | 17.9% | 2021 | ## Resources | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 0.4% | 2021 | 0.2% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 0.3% | 2021 | 0.2% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 | ## Military | Metric | Czechia | Observed | Slovakia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 1.9% | 2024 | 2.0% | 2024 | | Defense spending | $6.5 B | 2024 | $2.8 B | 2024 | | Armed forces | 27,000 | 2020 | 18,000 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/CZE.md and https://terralore.co/country/SVK.md. ## Entangled histories (13 events) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - 28–30 Oct 1918: **Czechoslovakia and the Martin Declaration** — Czechoslovakia was declared in Prague on 28 October 1918; on 30 October the Slovak National Council endorsed the union in the Martin Declaration, giving the Slovaks their first modern statehood alongside the Czechs. (from the Slovakia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovakia; History of Slovakia) - 28 Oct 1918: **Foundation of Czechoslovakia** — With Austria-Hungary collapsing, independence was proclaimed in Prague on 28 October 1918; Tomas Garrigue Masaryk became the first president of the new multi-ethnic democratic republic. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Tomas Masaryk; Foundation of Czechoslovakia) - 1–10 Oct 1938: **German annexation of the Sudetenland** — Following the Munich Agreement, German forces occupied the Sudetenland, stripping Czechoslovakia of its border defences and around three million inhabitants in its German-speaking borderlands. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Munich Agreement; Sudetenland) - 29–30 Sep 1938: **The Munich Agreement** — Germany, Italy, Britain and France agreed at Munich that Czechoslovakia must cede the German-majority Sudetenland to Nazi Germany; Czechoslovakia was not a party and yielded under Anglo-French pressure. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Munich Agreement; Munich Agreement) - 15 Mar 1939: **Occupation and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia** — In breach of Munich, Germany occupied the Czech lands on 15 March 1939 and proclaimed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while a separate Slovak state was set up under German control. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovakia; Munich Agreement) - 14 Mar 1939: **Proclamation of the Slovak State** — As Germany dismembered Czechoslovakia, a separate Slovak State was proclaimed under the priest Jozef Tiso, a clerical-authoritarian regime that became a client and ally of Nazi Germany. (from the Slovakia chronicle; sources: Jozef Tiso; The Holocaust in Slovakia) - 1945–1946: **Expulsion of the Sudeten Germans** — Under the Benes decrees and Allied agreement at Potsdam, Czechoslovakia stripped the citizenship and property of its Germans and expelled some three million Sudeten Germans, the largest forced migration in the history of the Czech lands. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Edvard Benes; Sudetenland; Potsdam Conference) - Feb 1948: **Communist coup** — In February 1948 the Communist Party seized full power in Czechoslovakia, ending postwar democracy and bringing the country firmly into the Soviet bloc for the next four decades. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovak history; Vaclav Havel) - 1948: **Communist takeover** — The Communist Party seized full power in Czechoslovakia, establishing a one-party state under Soviet domination that would last for four decades. (from the Slovakia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovakia; Velvet Revolution) - 1968–1969: **Federalization of Czechoslovakia** — After the Prague Spring was crushed, the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968 created, from 1 January 1969, a Slovak Socialist Republic within a federal Czechoslovakia, the Slovaks' first republic in name. (from the Slovakia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovakia) - 20–21 Aug 1968: **Prague Spring crushed by Warsaw Pact** — Alexander Dubcek's reforms of 'socialism with a human face' were ended when roughly half a million Warsaw Pact troops, led by the Soviet Union, invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Prague Spring; Warsaw Pact) - 1 Jan 1993: **The Velvet Divorce** — Czechoslovakia split peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993, creating, after more than a thousand years, the first fully independent Slovak state. (from the Slovakia chronicle; sources: Czechoslovakia; U.S. Relations With Slovakia) - 1 Jan 1993: **The Velvet Divorce and birth of the Czech Republic** — After a 1992 vote to divide, Czechoslovakia split peacefully on 1 January 1993 into the Czech Republic and Slovakia; the Czech Republic later joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. (from the Czechia chronicle; sources: Velvet Divorce; NATO member countries (Czechia joined 12 March 1999); 20 years together: the 2004 EU enlargement) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/CZE/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/SVK/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Czechia and Slovakia compared", terralore.co/compare/cze-vs-svk, retrieved .