# Egypt and Libya compared Egypt and Libya side by side: 38 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, their chronicles record no events of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/egy-vs-lby Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Egypt: c. 3100 BCE — Narmer unites Upper and Lower Egypt - Libya: 24 December 1951 — The United Kingdom of Libya unites Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and the Fezzan ## Economy | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $389 B | 2024 | $48 B | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $3,338 | 2024 | $6,569 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 2.4% | 2024 | 1.9% | 2024 | | Inflation | 28.3% | 2024 | 2.1% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 39.6% | 2024 | 128.8% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 117 m | 2024 | 7.4 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 71.8 yrs | 2024 | 71.1 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 42.8% | 2024 | 87.9% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 2.7 | 2024 | 2.3 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 28.8 | 2024 | 33.5 | 2024 | | Political stability | 49.2 | 2024 | 33.5 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 49.5 | 2024 | 23.7 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 47.0 | 2024 | 27.4 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 44.0 | 2024 | 27.7 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 31.1 | 2024 | 16.9 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 4.9% | 2023 | 7.8% | 2023 | | Physicians | 0.67 | 2020 | 2.04 | 2017 | | Under-5 mortality | 22.4 | 2024 | 9.8 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 97.0% | 2024 | 89.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 78.9% | 2024 | — | — | ## Education | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 79.5% | 2022 | — | — | | Education spending | 3.8% | 2008 | — | — | | Primary enrolment | 96.7% | 2024 | 107.0% | 2006 | | Secondary enrolment | 84.8% | 2024 | 97.6% | 2006 | | Tertiary enrolment | 38.0% | 2025 | 58.5% | 2003 | ## Technology | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 1.0% | 2024 | — | — | | Researchers (per million) | 1,120 | 2024 | — | — | | Internet users | 74.6% | 2024 | 82.0% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 97 | 2024 | 193 | 2022 | | High-tech exports | 3.8% | 2024 | 0.6% | 2019 | ## Geography | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 995,450 km² | 2023 | 1,759,540 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 0.0% | 2023 | 0.1% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 4.1% | 2023 | 8.7% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 2.5 | 2024 | 8.7 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 6.1% | 2021 | 3.1% | 2021 | ## Resources | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 5.1% | 2021 | 61.0% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 3.0% | 2021 | 56.4% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 0.1% | 2021 | 0.1% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 73.2% | 2023 | | Phosphate rock | 5.5 Mt | 2025 | — | — | ## Military | Metric | Egypt | Observed | Libya | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 0.7% | 2024 | 5.3% | 2023 | | Defense spending | $2.4 B | 2024 | $1.6 B | 2023 | | Armed forces | 836,000 | 2020 | 0 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/EGY.md and https://terralore.co/country/LBY.md. ## Entangled histories (0 events) Neither nation's sourced chronicle names the other — across both archives, no recorded event crosses between them. That is a fact about the two records as they stand, not a gap filled here. ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — U.S. Geological Survey · Public domain (U.S. Government work) · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/EGY/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/LBY/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Egypt and Libya compared", terralore.co/compare/egy-vs-lby, retrieved .