# France and Italy compared France and Italy side by side: 42 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 3 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/fra-vs-ita Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - France: 10 August 843 — The Treaty of Verdun gives Charles the Bald West Francia - Italy: 17 March 1861 — The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed ## Economy | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $3.16 T | 2024 | $2.38 T | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $46,103 | 2024 | $40,385 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 1.2% | 2024 | 0.7% | 2024 | | Inflation | 2.0% | 2024 | 1.0% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 68.1% | 2024 | 62.8% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 69 m | 2024 | 59 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 83.0 yrs | 2024 | 84.0 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 78.8% | 2024 | 69.6% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 1.6 | 2024 | 1.2 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 77.0 | 2024 | 75.5 | 2024 | | Political stability | 61.8 | 2024 | 71.2 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 74.7 | 2024 | 66.7 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 72.9 | 2024 | 65.0 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 73.8 | 2024 | 67.6 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 72.5 | 2024 | 59.1 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 11.5% | 2024 | 8.4% | 2024 | | Physicians | 3.28 | 2022 | 4.19 | 2022 | | Under-5 mortality | 4.3 | 2024 | 2.7 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 95.0% | 2024 | 95.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 99.7% | 2024 | 96.8% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Education spending | 5.3% | 2022 | 4.1% | 2022 | | Primary enrolment | 103.4% | 2024 | 103.6% | 2023 | | Secondary enrolment | 103.8% | 2024 | 100.7% | 2023 | | Tertiary enrolment | 71.5% | 2024 | 75.9% | 2023 | | Adult literacy | — | — | 99.3% | 2019 | ## Technology | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 2.2% | 2023 | 1.4% | 2023 | | Researchers (per million) | 5,369 | 2023 | 2,855 | 2023 | | Internet users | 88.7% | 2024 | 89.2% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 117 | 2023 | 133 | 2024 | | High-tech exports | 23.1% | 2024 | 12.3% | 2024 | ## Geography | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 538,950 km² | 2023 | 295,720 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 32.5% | 2023 | 32.9% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 52.5% | 2023 | 44.3% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 4.0 | 2024 | 5.1 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 16.2% | 2021 | 17.5% | 2021 | ## Resources | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.1% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.1% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 | ## Military | Metric | France | Observed | Italy | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 2.1% | 2024 | 1.6% | 2024 | | Defense spending | $65 B | 2024 | $38 B | 2024 | | Armed forces | 304,000 | 2020 | 338,000 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/FRA.md and https://terralore.co/country/ITA.md. ## Entangled histories (3 events) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - 1494: **French invasion and the Italian Wars** — The French invasion of 1494 opened decades of warfare in which France and Spain fought for control of Italy, exposing the weakness of its divided states. (from the Italy chronicle; sources: Italy (country overview and history)) - 1796–1814: **Napoleonic reorganization of Italy** — Napoleon's campaigns swept aside the old states and spread revolutionary, legal and national ideas across Italy, before the powers restored the former rulers in 1815. (from the Italy chronicle; sources: Italy (country overview and history)) - 10 June 1940: **Italy enters the Second World War** — Italy declared war on Britain and France, entering the Second World War as Germany's Axis ally, a decision that brought defeat, occupation and devastation. (from the Italy chronicle; sources: Italy (Fascism, racial laws and the Second World War); Italy (country overview and history)) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/FRA/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/ITA/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "France and Italy compared", terralore.co/compare/fra-vs-ita, retrieved .