# Georgia and Türkiye compared

Georgia and Türkiye side by side: 42 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 2 events their chronicles record of each other.

Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/geo-vs-tur
Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates)

Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation.

## Formation

- Georgia: 1008 — Bagrat III becomes the first king of a unified Georgia
- Türkiye: c. 1299 — Osman I founds the Ottoman beylik in Bithynia

## Economy

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | $34 B | 2024 | $1.36 T | 2024 |
| GDP per capita | $9,241 | 2024 | $15,893 | 2024 |
| GDP growth | 9.7% | 2024 | 3.3% | 2024 |
| Inflation | 1.1% | 2024 | 58.5% | 2024 |
| Trade openness | 103.5% | 2024 | 54.6% | 2024 |

## Society

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.7 m | 2024 | 86 m | 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 74.7 yrs | 2024 | 77.4 yrs | 2024 |
| Urban population | 61.1% | 2024 | 89.3% | 2024 |
| Fertility rate | 1.8 | 2024 | 1.5 | 2024 |

## Governance

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice & accountability | 52.4 | 2024 | 37.7 | 2024 |
| Political stability | 55.4 | 2024 | 49.3 | 2024 |
| Government effectiveness | 60.2 | 2024 | 50.0 | 2024 |
| Regulatory quality | 65.1 | 2024 | 51.5 | 2024 |
| Rule of law | 59.5 | 2024 | 42.4 | 2024 |
| Control of corruption | 55.6 | 2024 | 36.5 | 2024 |

## Health

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health spending | 6.9% | 2023 | 4.3% | 2023 |
| Physicians | 5.64 | 2023 | 2.24 | 2022 |
| Under-5 mortality | 8.6 | 2024 | 9.6 | 2024 |
| Measles immunisation | 90.0% | 2024 | 95.0% | 2024 |
| Safe drinking water | 70.5% | 2024 | — | — |

## Education

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult literacy | 99.7% | 2024 | 97.3% | 2021 |
| Education spending | 4.0% | 2024 | 3.1% | 2022 |
| Primary enrolment | 99.4% | 2024 | 102.4% | 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment | 101.0% | 2024 | 118.4% | 2023 |
| Tertiary enrolment | 89.5% | 2025 | 105.9% | 2023 |

## Technology

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R&D spending | 0.3% | 2024 | 1.4% | 2023 |
| Researchers (per million) | 1,896 | 2024 | 2,645 | 2023 |
| Internet users | 83.8% | 2024 | 89.8% | 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions | 161 | 2024 | 108 | 2024 |
| High-tech exports | 3.8% | 2024 | 5.1% | 2024 |

## Geography

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land area | 69,490 km² | 2023 | 769,630 km² | 2023 |
| Forest area | 40.6% | 2023 | 29.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural land | 34.1% | 2023 | 50.1% | 2023 |
| CO₂ per capita (t) | 3.6 | 2024 | 5.4 | 2024 |
| Renewable energy | 25.2% | 2021 | 12.0% | 2021 |

## Resources

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resource rents | 1.4% | 2021 | 0.8% | 2021 |
| Oil rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.1% | 2021 |
| Mineral rents | 1.3% | 2021 | 0.6% | 2021 |
| Forest rents | 0.1% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Iron ore | — | — | 18 Mt | 2025 |
| Cobalt (mined) | — | — | 1,900 t | 2025 |
| Bauxite | — | — | 3.8 Mt | 2025 |
| Phosphate rock | — | — | 1.2 Mt | 2025 |

## Military

| Metric | Georgia | Observed | Türkiye | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military burden | 1.9% | 2024 | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Defense spending | $616 M | 2024 | $25 B | 2024 |
| Armed forces | 26,000 | 2020 | 512,000 | 2020 |

Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/<metric>.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/GEO.md and https://terralore.co/country/TUR.md.

## Entangled histories (2 events)

Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources.

- 1121: **Battle of Didgori** — David IV the Builder defeated a much larger Seljuk Turkish coalition at Didgori west of Tbilisi, a decisive victory that broke Seljuk power in the Caucasus. (from the Georgia chronicle; sources: David IV (king of Georgia); History of Georgia)
- 24 July 1783: **Treaty of Georgievsk** — King Erekle II of Kartli-Kakheti placed his kingdom under Russian protection, ceding control of foreign affairs in exchange for guarantees of its integrity and dynasty against Persia and the Ottomans. (from the Georgia chronicle; sources: Treaty of Georgievsk (1783); Georgia: Turkish and Persian domination)

## Sources

- World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org
- Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators
- Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho
- Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org
- R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org
- ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics
- Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex
- Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — U.S. Geological Survey · Public domain (U.S. Government work) · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center

Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/GEO/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/TUR/chronicle.md.

Citation template: Terralore, "Georgia and Türkiye compared", terralore.co/compare/geo-vs-tur, retrieved <YYYY-MM-DD>.