# Italy and San Marino compared Italy and San Marino side by side: 34 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 3 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/ita-vs-smr Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Italy: 17 March 1861 — The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed - San Marino: 301 (claimed) — San Marino's traditional founding by Saint Marinus ## Economy | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $2.38 T | 2024 | $2.0 B | 2023 | | GDP per capita | $40,385 | 2024 | $59,880 | 2023 | | GDP growth | 0.7% | 2024 | 0.4% | 2023 | | Inflation | 1.0% | 2024 | 1.2% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 62.8% | 2024 | 341.0% | 2023 | ## Society | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 59 m | 2024 | 34,000 | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 84.0 yrs | 2024 | 85.8 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 69.6% | 2024 | 97.2% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 1.2 | 2024 | 1.2 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 75.5 | 2024 | 78.7 | 2024 | | Political stability | 71.2 | 2024 | 89.3 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 66.7 | 2024 | 68.8 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 65.0 | 2024 | 68.5 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 67.6 | 2024 | 76.9 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 59.1 | 2024 | 71.7 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 8.4% | 2024 | 6.6% | 2023 | | Physicians | 4.19 | 2022 | 4.63 | 2023 | | Under-5 mortality | 2.7 | 2024 | 1.3 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 95.0% | 2024 | 85.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 96.8% | 2024 | 100.0% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 99.3% | 2019 | 99.9% | 2022 | | Education spending | 4.1% | 2022 | 2.9% | 2022 | | Primary enrolment | 103.6% | 2023 | 93.5% | 2024 | | Secondary enrolment | 100.7% | 2023 | 60.4% | 2024 | | Tertiary enrolment | 75.9% | 2023 | 57.5% | 2024 | ## Technology | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 1.4% | 2023 | — | — | | Researchers (per million) | 2,855 | 2023 | — | — | | Internet users | 89.2% | 2024 | 97.4% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 133 | 2024 | 120 | 2022 | | High-tech exports | 12.3% | 2024 | — | — | ## Geography | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 295,720 km² | 2023 | 60 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 32.9% | 2023 | 16.7% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 44.3% | 2023 | 38.3% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 5.1 | 2024 | — | — | | Renewable energy | 17.5% | 2021 | — | — | ## Resources | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 0.1% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2020 | | Oil rents | 0.1% | 2021 | — | — | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2020 | | Forest rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2020 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 | ## Military | Metric | Italy | Observed | San Marino | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 1.6% | 2024 | — | — | | Defense spending | $38 B | 2024 | — | — | | Armed forces | 338,000 | 2020 | — | — | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/ITA.md and https://terralore.co/country/SMR.md. ## Entangled histories (3 events) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - 1862: **First treaty of friendship with Italy** — After Italian unification, San Marino and the new Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty of friendship in 1862 confirming the republic's independence, the first of the agreements that secure its sovereignty as an enclave. (from the San Marino chronicle; sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty); History of San Marino) - 1862 onward: **Treaties of friendship with Italy** — San Marino's sovereignty as an enclave is secured by treaties of friendship and good-neighbourliness with Italy first concluded in 1862 and renewed in 1939 and later, regulating relations while guaranteeing independence. (from the San Marino chronicle; sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty); History of San Marino) - 1923: **Fascist seizure of power** — Amid postwar economic distress the Sammarinese Fascist Party took control in 1923 and dissolved the Grand and General Council, ruling the republic for two decades in step with Mussolini's Italy. (from the San Marino chronicle; sources: World wars and fascism in San Marino, 1922-1945; Anniversary of the Fall of Fascism and Freedom Day) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/ITA/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/SMR/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Italy and San Marino compared", terralore.co/compare/ita-vs-smr, retrieved .