# Italy and Slovenia compared Italy and Slovenia side by side: 42 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 4 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/ita-vs-svn Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Italy: 17 March 1861 — The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed - Slovenia: 1991 — Slovenia wins its independence from Yugoslavia ## Economy | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $2.38 T | 2024 | $73 B | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $40,385 | 2024 | $34,301 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 0.7% | 2024 | 1.7% | 2024 | | Inflation | 1.0% | 2024 | 2.0% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 62.8% | 2024 | 155.7% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 59 m | 2024 | 2.1 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 84.0 yrs | 2024 | 82.3 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 69.6% | 2024 | 55.8% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 1.2 | 2024 | 1.5 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 75.5 | 2024 | 75.4 | 2024 | | Political stability | 71.2 | 2024 | 78.2 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 66.7 | 2024 | 72.5 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 65.0 | 2024 | 67.5 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 67.6 | 2024 | 73.8 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 59.1 | 2024 | 61.5 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 8.4% | 2024 | 9.9% | 2024 | | Physicians | 4.19 | 2022 | 3.37 | 2022 | | Under-5 mortality | 2.7 | 2024 | 2.3 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 95.0% | 2024 | 95.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 96.8% | 2024 | 99.6% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 99.3% | 2019 | — | — | | Education spending | 4.1% | 2022 | 5.3% | 2022 | | Primary enrolment | 103.6% | 2023 | 100.9% | 2023 | | Secondary enrolment | 100.7% | 2023 | 107.6% | 2023 | | Tertiary enrolment | 75.9% | 2023 | 80.1% | 2023 | ## Technology | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 1.4% | 2023 | 2.1% | 2023 | | Researchers (per million) | 2,855 | 2023 | 5,616 | 2023 | | Internet users | 89.2% | 2024 | 90.8% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 133 | 2024 | 131 | 2024 | | High-tech exports | 12.3% | 2024 | 8.3% | 2024 | ## Geography | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 295,720 km² | 2023 | 20,135 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 32.9% | 2023 | 61.2% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 44.3% | 2023 | 30.4% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 5.1 | 2024 | 6.3 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 17.5% | 2021 | 23.4% | 2021 | ## Resources | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 0.1% | 2021 | 0.2% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 0.1% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.2% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 | ## Military | Metric | Italy | Observed | Slovenia | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 1.6% | 2024 | 1.3% | 2024 | | Defense spending | $38 B | 2024 | $952 M | 2024 | | Armed forces | 338,000 | 2020 | 7,000 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/ITA.md and https://terralore.co/country/SVN.md. ## Entangled histories (4 events) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - 1920: **Treaty of Rapallo and the Italian border** — Under the Treaty of Rapallo, Italy gained the Slovene Littoral, the Karst and parts of Inner Carniola, subjecting a large Slovene population to Italian and later Fascist rule. (from the Slovenia chronicle; sources: Slovenia since 1918) - Apr 1941: **Axis partition of Slovenia** — Following the invasion of Yugoslavia, the Axis powers carved up the Slovene lands among Germany, Italy and Hungary, while a Liberation Front founded in Ljubljana launched armed resistance. (from the Slovenia chronicle; sources: Slovenia since 1918; History of Slovenia) - 5 Oct 1954: **London Memorandum on Trieste** — The United States, United Kingdom, Italy and Yugoslavia agreed to divide the Free Territory of Trieste, placing Zone A under Italian and Zone B under Yugoslav administration. (from the Slovenia chronicle; sources: The Trieste Settlement, October 1954 (London Memorandum); Treaty of Osimo (1975) and the Trieste settlement) - 10 Nov 1975: **Treaty of Osimo** — Italy and Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Osimo, making the partition of the former Free Territory of Trieste definitive and settling the long-disputed western border. (from the Slovenia chronicle; sources: Treaty of Osimo (1975) and the Trieste settlement) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/ITA/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/SVN/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Italy and Slovenia compared", terralore.co/compare/ita-vs-svn, retrieved .