# Moldova and Ukraine compared Moldova and Ukraine side by side: 43 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 1 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/mda-vs-ukr Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Moldova: 1991 — Moldova becomes independent as the Soviet Union dissolves - Ukraine: 882 — Oleg takes Kiev and Kievan Rus' becomes a single state ## Economy | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $18 B | 2024 | $191 B | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $7,576 | 2024 | $5,389 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 0.1% | 2024 | 2.9% | 2024 | | Inflation | 4.7% | 2024 | 6.5% | 2024 | | Trade openness | 88.7% | 2024 | 77.8% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 2.4 m | 2024 | 38 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 71.3 yrs | 2024 | 74.7 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 43.5% | 2024 | 69.5% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 1.7 | 2024 | 1.0 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 61.8 | 2024 | 54.9 | 2024 | | Political stability | 60.0 | 2024 | 58.5 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 56.3 | 2024 | 39.7 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 54.1 | 2024 | 50.1 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 54.2 | 2024 | 44.6 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 42.0 | 2024 | 34.2 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 6.7% | 2023 | 8.2% | 2021 | | Physicians | 4.02 | 2023 | 3.53 | 2023 | | Under-5 mortality | 16.5 | 2024 | 7.9 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 84.0% | 2024 | 91.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 75.8% | 2024 | 87.9% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 99.4% | 2014 | 99.4% | 2001 | | Education spending | 6.6% | 2023 | 5.1% | 2021 | | Primary enrolment | 107.6% | 2024 | 93.3% | 2024 | | Secondary enrolment | 99.3% | 2024 | 86.2% | 2024 | | Tertiary enrolment | 74.7% | 2024 | 87.2% | 2024 | ## Technology | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 0.2% | 2024 | 0.4% | 2024 | | Researchers (per million) | 650 | 2024 | 586 | 2022 | | Internet users | 77.4% | 2024 | 82.5% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 120 | 2024 | 133 | 2023 | | High-tech exports | 2.9% | 2024 | 6.4% | 2024 | ## Geography | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 32,930 km² | 2023 | 579,400 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 11.7% | 2023 | 16.8% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 74.1% | 2023 | 71.3% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 3.4 | 2024 | 3.1 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 21.4% | 2021 | 8.9% | 2021 | ## Resources | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 0.2% | 2021 | 7.5% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.3% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 5.3% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 0.2% | 2021 | 0.2% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0% | 2023 | | Iron ore | — | — | 52 Mt | 2025 | ## Military | Metric | Moldova | Observed | Ukraine | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 0.6% | 2024 | 34.5% | 2024 | | Defense spending | $111 M | 2024 | $65 B | 2024 | | Armed forces | 6,000 | 2020 | 298,000 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/MDA.md and https://terralore.co/country/UKR.md. ## Entangled histories (1 event) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - 1924: **Creation of the Moldavian ASSR** — Refusing to recognize the loss of Bessarabia, the Soviet Union established the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the east bank of the Dniester within Soviet Ukraine, as a standing claim to the territory across the river. (from the Moldova chronicle; sources: Moldova: History; Moldavia (historical principality)) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — U.S. Geological Survey · Public domain (U.S. Government work) · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/MDA/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/UKR/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Moldova and Ukraine compared", terralore.co/compare/mda-vs-ukr, retrieved .