# Nigeria and Chad compared Nigeria and Chad side by side: 41 shared sourced indicators across 9 domains, and the 2 events their chronicles record of each other. Canonical: https://terralore.co/compare/nga-vs-tcd Updated: 2026-08-10 (latest of the two dossiers' refreshes and the two chronicles' verification dates) Two sourced records set beside each other — nothing on this page was written for the pair. Every figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two national dossiers; every event is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle. Figures are compared, never graded. A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero; each value shows its own observation year — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Formation - Nigeria: 1 October 1960 — The Federation of Nigeria becomes independent of Britain - Chad: 11 August 1960 — Independence from French Equatorial Africa ## Economy | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | GDP | $252 B | 2024 | $20 B | 2024 | | GDP per capita | $1,084 | 2024 | $962 | 2024 | | GDP growth | 4.1% | 2024 | 4.2% | 2024 | | Inflation | 33.2% | 2024 | 8.9% | 2024 | | Trade openness | — | — | 47.9% | 2024 | ## Society | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Population | 233 m | 2024 | 20 m | 2024 | | Life expectancy | 54.6 yrs | 2024 | 55.2 yrs | 2024 | | Urban population | 63.0% | 2024 | 26.9% | 2024 | | Fertility rate | 4.4 | 2024 | 6.0 | 2024 | ## Governance | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 44.1 | 2024 | 30.3 | 2024 | | Political stability | 31.7 | 2024 | 35.5 | 2024 | | Government effectiveness | 31.8 | 2024 | 29.9 | 2024 | | Regulatory quality | 44.9 | 2024 | 37.7 | 2024 | | Rule of law | 39.6 | 2024 | 32.1 | 2024 | | Control of corruption | 25.3 | 2024 | 19.7 | 2024 | ## Health | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 4.2% | 2023 | 5.0% | 2023 | | Physicians | 0.38 | 2023 | 0.09 | 2023 | | Under-5 mortality | 115.6 | 2024 | 97.3 | 2024 | | Measles immunisation | 57.0% | 2024 | 66.0% | 2024 | | Safe drinking water | 29.9% | 2024 | 6.3% | 2024 | ## Education | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 70.4% | 2024 | 30.6% | 2019 | | Education spending | 0.3% | 2023 | 3.2% | 2023 | | Primary enrolment | 89.6% | 2023 | 88.5% | 2024 | | Secondary enrolment | 46.9% | 2023 | 23.5% | 2024 | | Tertiary enrolment | 9.7% | 2011 | 4.4% | 2020 | ## Technology | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | R&D spending | 0.3% | 2019 | 0.2% | 2016 | | Researchers (per million) | 22 | 2019 | 57 | 2016 | | Internet users | 41.2% | 2024 | 12.6% | 2024 | | Mobile subscriptions | 71 | 2024 | 73 | 2024 | | High-tech exports | 2.7% | 2024 | — | — | ## Geography | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Land area | 910,770 km² | 2023 | 1,259,200 km² | 2023 | | Forest area | 23.2% | 2023 | 3.2% | 2023 | | Agricultural land | 76.2% | 2023 | 40.0% | 2023 | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 0.6 | 2024 | 0.1 | 2024 | | Renewable energy | 80.3% | 2021 | 70.0% | 2022 | ## Resources | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 8.6% | 2021 | 21.3% | 2021 | | Oil rents | 6.2% | 2021 | 16.8% | 2021 | | Mineral rents | 0.0% | 2021 | 0.0% | 2021 | | Forest rents | 1.1% | 2021 | 4.6% | 2021 | | Electricity access | 61.2% | 2023 | 12.0% | 2023 | | Rare earths | 1,500 t | 2025 | — | — | ## Military | Metric | Nigeria | Observed | Chad | Observed | |---|---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 0.6% | 2024 | 3.0% | 2024 | | Defense spending | $1.1 B | 2024 | $558 M | 2024 | | Armed forces | 223,000 | 2020 | 45,000 | 2020 | Each metric is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Full dossiers: https://terralore.co/country/NGA.md and https://terralore.co/country/TCD.md. ## Entangled histories (2 events) Events in which either nation's sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the record exactly as its own chronicle carries it, with that chronicle's sources. - c. 9th century: **Rise of the Kanem empire** — Around Lake Chad the empire of Kanem emerged under the Sayfawa dynasty, growing wealthy as the southern terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and gradually adopting Islam. (from the Nigeria chronicle; sources: The Bornu Empire; Nigeria (country overview and history)) - c. 1400: **Shift from Kanem to Bornu** — After conflict with the Bulala forced the dynasty to abandon its eastern heartland, the state re-centred west of Lake Chad at Bornu, beginning the era of the Bornu Empire. (from the Nigeria chronicle; sources: The Bornu Empire; Nigeria (country overview and history)) ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://childmortality.org - R&D statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-15 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — U.S. Geological Survey · Public domain (U.S. Government work) · accessed 2026-08-10 · https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-06-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Chronicle references are cited inline above and resolve in full at https://terralore.co/country/NGA/chronicle.md and https://terralore.co/country/TCD/chronicle.md. Citation template: Terralore, "Nigeria and Chad compared", terralore.co/compare/nga-vs-tcd, retrieved .