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Bulgaria

43.0N 25.0E · 31 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
THE FIRST BULGARIAN EMPIRE FOUNDED BY KHAN ASPARUKH · 681
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1944 – present · Communism, 1989 and the Return to Europe
5 EVENTS
9 Sep 1944 · Communist seizure of power 2 REFS
10 Nov 1989 · Fall of Todor Zhivkov 2 REFS
1912 – 1944 · The Balkan Wars, the World Wars and the Saving of the Jews
5 EVENTS
Jun–Aug 1913 · Second Balkan War and the loss of Macedonia 2 REFS
7 Sep 1940 · Treaty of Craiova returns Southern Dobruja 2 REFS
1878 – 1912 · San Stefano, Berlin and the Making of Modern Bulgaria
5 EVENTS
3 Mar 1878 · Treaty of San Stefano creates 'Greater Bulgaria' 3 REFS
Jul 1878 · Treaty of Berlin dismembers the state 2 REFS
1396 – 1878 · Ottoman Rule and the National Revival
5 EVENTS
1396–1878 · Nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule 2 REFS
1877–1878 · Russo-Turkish War and liberation 3 REFS
1185 – 1396 · The Second Bulgarian Empire and the Ottoman Conquest
5 EVENTS
1185–1186 · Revolt of Asen and Peter restores the state 2 REFS
1396 · Ottoman conquest completed 3 REFS
c. 500 BCE – 1018 CE · Thracians, Asparukh's Khanate and the First Bulgarian Empire
6 EVENTS
4th–3rd c. BCE · Thracian royal tombs of Kazanlak and Sveshtari 2 REFS
681 · Foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire 3 REFS
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Sofia
Population
7.1 m
Area
110,879 km²
Region
Southeast Europe
Languages
Bulgarian
Currency
Euro (€)
Demonym
Bulgarian
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$131 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$20,328’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
3.1%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
4.6%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
102.5%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
6.4 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
75.8 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
74.2%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
1.7’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
98.3%’11 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
60.6’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
66.6’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
52.2’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
59.4’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
56.4’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
43.0’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
7.9%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
4.33’22 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
5.7’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
94.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
96.2%’24 WB-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
98.3%’11 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
4.5%’22 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
95.3%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
94.8%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
69.5%’24 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
0.8%’23 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
2,401’23 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
82.4%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
118’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
13.4%’24 WB-WDI

Geography

Land area
108,560 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
36.2%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
46.1%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
5.3’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
20.4%’21 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
0.9%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.6%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.2%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI

Military

Military burden
2.1%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$2.3 B’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
37,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES