CORE —
EXTRACTED
EXTRACTED
THICKNESS ∝ EVENTS
← THE SECTION CUT · EUROPE
Switzerland
47.0N 8.0E · 23 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
THE FEDERAL CHARTER OF THE THREE FOREST CANTONS · 1291
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1914 – present · Neutral Switzerland: World Wars, Sovereignty and the Modern Confederation
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1920 · Joining the League of Nations 2 REFS
1940 · Armed neutrality in the Second World War 2 REFS
1815 – 1914 · The Federal State and the Birth of Humanitarian Geneva
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
Nov 1847 · The Sonderbund War 2 REFS
1848 · The Federal Constitution 2 REFS
1648 – 1815 · The Helvetic Republic, Napoleon and the Recognition of Neutrality
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1798 · French invasion and the Helvetic Republic 2 REFS
20 Mar 1815 · Congress of Vienna recognises permanent neutrality 2 REFS
1515 – 1648 · Marignano, the Reformation and the Turn to Neutrality
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
13–14 Sep 1515 · Battle of Marignano 2 REFS
24 Oct 1648 · Peace of Westphalia: independence from the Empire 2 REFS
1291 – 1515 · The Oath of the Forest Cantons and the Old Swiss Confederacy
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
Aug 1291 · The Federal Charter of the forest cantons 2 REFS
9 Jul 1386 · Battle of Sempach 2 REFS
Read the chronicle
EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
↓
Quick facts · atlas reference
- Capital
- Bern
- Population
- 8.2 m
- Area
- 41,284 km²
- Region
- Western Europe
- Languages
- French, Swiss German, Italian
- Currency
- Swiss franc (Fr.)
- Demonym
- Swiss
- UN member
- Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over
Specimen bench
PRESS A SPECIMEN — IT TURNS OVER
Economy
GDP
$1.04 T’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$114,769’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
1.3%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
0.2%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
147.2%’25 WB-WDI
Society
Population
9.1 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
84.4 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
85.7%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
1.3’24 WB-WDI
Governance
Voice & accountability
85.6’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
82.6’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
87.1’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
82.8’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
87.3’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
88.5’24 WB-WGI
Health
Health spending
11.7%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
4.48’22 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
3.9’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
96.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
96.7%’24 WB-WHO
Education
Education spending
4.9%’22 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
101.2%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
101.4%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
73.5%’24 WB-UNESCO
Technology
R&D spending
3.2%’23 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
6,108’23 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
97.3%’25 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
129’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
29.6%’24 WB-WDI
Geography
Land area
39,510 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
32.4%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
37.8%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
3.7’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
27.7%’21 WB-WDI
Resources
Resource rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI
Military
Military burden
0.7%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$6.7 B’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
20,000’20 WB-SIPRI
A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.
The record · what changed here
- GDP — 2025 observation published ($1.04 T), superseding 2024 ($937 B) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP per capita — 2025 observation published ($114,769), superseding 2024 ($103,998) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP growth — 2025 observation published (1.3%), superseding 2024 (1.3%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Inflation — 2025 observation published (0.2%), superseding 2024 (1.1%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Trade openness — 2025 observation published (147.2%), superseding 2024 (134.1%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Electricity access — 2024 observation published (100.0%), superseding 2023 (100.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Population — 2025 observation published (9.1 m), superseding 2024 (9.0 m) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Urban population — 2025 observation published (85.7%), superseding 2024 (85.5%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14