← THE SECTION CUT · AFRICA

Egypt

27.0N 30.0E · 29 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
UNIFICATION OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT · C. 3100 BCE
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1952–present · The Modern Republic
5 EVENTS
23 July 1952 · Free Officers' revolution 2 REFS
1956 · Suez Crisis 2 REFS
1517–1952 · Ottoman Rule, Muhammad Ali and British Occupation
7 EVENTS
19 January 1899 · Anglo-Egyptian agreement fixes the 22nd parallel as the Sudan limit 3 REFS
4 November 1902 · Administrative line drawn for nomadic tribes on the Sudan border 2 REFS
639–1517 CE · Islamic Egypt: Caliphs, Fatimids and Mamluks
5 EVENTS
639–642 CE · Arab conquest of Egypt 1 REF
1171 CE · Saladin founds the Ayyubid dynasty 2 REFS
332 BCE–639 CE · Greco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt
4 EVENTS
332 BCE · Alexander the Great conquers Egypt 2 REFS
305 BCE · Ptolemy I founds the Ptolemaic dynasty 1 REF
c. 2686–332 BCE · The Pharaonic Kingdoms
5 EVENTS
c. 2630 BCE · Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara 2 REFS
c. 2560 BCE · Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza 2 REFS
c. 5000–c. 2686 BCE · Predynastic Egypt and the Unification
3 EVENTS
c. 3500 BCE · Naqada cultures flourish in Upper Egypt 1 REF
c. 3100 BCE · Unification under Narmer (Menes) 1 REF
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EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Cairo
Population
97 m
Area
1,002,450 km²
Region
Northern Africa
Languages
Arabic
Currency
Egyptian pound (£)
Demonym
Egyptian
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$365 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$3,086’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
4.4%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
14.1%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
51.3%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
118 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
71.8 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
42.9%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
2.7’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
79.5%’22 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
28.8’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
49.2’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
49.5’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
47.0’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
44.0’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
31.1’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
4.9%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
0.67’20 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
22.4’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
97.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
78.9%’24 WB-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
79.5%’22 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
3.8%’08 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
96.7%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
84.8%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
38.0%’25 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
1.0%’24 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
1,120’24 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
74.6%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
97’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
3.8%’24 WB-WDI

Geography

Land area
995,450 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
0.0%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
4.1%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
2.5’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
6.1%’21 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
5.1%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
3.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.1%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI
Phosphate rock
5.5 Mt’25 USGS-MCS

Military

Military burden
0.7%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$2.4 B’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
836,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES