# Eritrea — national dossier Eritrea — economy, society, governance, health, education, technology, geography, resources and military in one sourced dossier: 39 indicators, each with… Canonical: https://terralore.co/country/ERI Updated: 2026-08-14 (latest domain refresh; each figure carries its own observation year) ## Overview - Official name: State of Eritrea - Capital: Asmara - Region: Eastern Africa, Africa - Population: 5.9 m - Area: 117,600 km² - Languages: Arabic, English, Tigrinya - Currency: Eritrean nakfa (ERN) A "—" is an absence in the source data, never a zero. Each figure shows the year it was observed — vintages differ by indicator and nation. ## Economy | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | GDP | $2.1 B | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | GDP per capita | $689 | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | GDP growth | 8.7% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | Trade openness | 47.4% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | ## Society | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Population | 3.6 m | 2025 | World Development Indicators | | Life expectancy | 68.9 yrs | 2024 | World Development Indicators | | Urban population | 34.5% | 2025 | World Development Indicators | | Fertility rate | 3.7 | 2024 | World Development Indicators | | Literacy rate | 64.7% | 2008 | World Development Indicators | ## Governance | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Voice & accountability | 16.8 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | | Political stability | 53.8 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | | Government effectiveness | 23.0 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | | Regulatory quality | 22.8 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | | Rule of law | 25.9 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | | Control of corruption | 14.8 | 2024 | Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) | ## Health | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Health spending | 3.7% | 2023 | Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) | | Physicians | 0.09 | 2022 | Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) | | Under-5 mortality | 34.3 | 2024 | Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) | | Measles immunisation | 93.0% | 2024 | Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) | ## Education | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Adult literacy | 64.7% | 2008 | Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) | | Education spending | 2.1% | 2006 | Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) | | Primary enrolment | 89.7% | 2022 | Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) | | Secondary enrolment | 44.0% | 2022 | Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) | | Tertiary enrolment | 3.2% | 2016 | Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) | ## Technology | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Internet users | 14.3% | 2020 | ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) | | Mobile subscriptions | 59 | 2022 | ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) | ## Geography | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Land area | 121,178 km² | 2023 | World Development Indicators | | Forest area | 8.6% | 2023 | World Development Indicators | | Agricultural land | 62.7% | 2023 | World Development Indicators | | CO₂ per capita (t) | 0.2 | 2024 | World Development Indicators | | Renewable energy | 80.7% | 2021 | World Development Indicators | ## Resources | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Resource rents | 27.0% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | Oil rents | 0.0% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | Mineral rents | 24.6% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | Forest rents | 2.3% | 2011 | World Development Indicators | | Electricity access | 55.3% | 2024 | World Development Indicators | ## Military | Metric | Value | Observed | Source | |---|---|---|---| | Military burden | 20.9% | 2003 | Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) | | Defense spending | $182 M | 2003 | Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) | | Armed forces | 202,000 | 2020 | Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) | Every metric above is also ranked across all nations: https://terralore.co/rankings (markdown twins at /rankings/.md). Machine-readable claims — every figure above as an addressable claim ID (TL:ERI::) with value, source, license and a ready citation string: https://terralore.co/country/ERI.claims.json History: "From the Red Sea ports of Aksum to Africa's longest war of independence and one of its most closed states." — the sourced chronicle is at https://terralore.co/country/ERI/chronicle.md (6 eras, 29 events). ## Sources - World Development Indicators — World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://data.worldbank.org - Worldwide Governance Indicators (via World Bank API) — Worldwide Governance Indicators / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators - Global Health Observatory (WHO, via World Bank WDI) — WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://www.who.int/data/gho - Child mortality & immunisation estimates (UN IGME and WHO/UNICEF, via World Bank WDI) — UNICEF and WHO / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://childmortality.org - Education statistics (UNESCO UIS, via World Bank WDI) — UNESCO Institute for Statistics / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://uis.unesco.org - ICT indicators (ITU, via World Bank WDI) — ITU / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics - Military Expenditure Database (via World Development Indicators) — SIPRI / World Bank · CC BY 4.0 · accessed 2026-08-14 · https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Citation template: Terralore, "Eritrea — national dossier", terralore.co/country/ERI, retrieved .