← THE SECTION CUT · EUROPE

Finland

64.0N 26.0E · 28 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE FROM RUSSIA · 6 DEC 1917
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1947 – present · Neutrality, the European Union and NATO
5 EVENTS
1948 · Treaty with the Soviet Union and neutrality 2 REFS
1 Jan 1995 · Finland joins the European Union 2 REFS
1939 – 1947 · The Winter War, the Continuation War and the Loss of Karelia
5 EVENTS
30 Nov 1939 · The Winter War begins 2 REFS
Mar 1940 · Moscow Peace Treaty cedes Karelia 2 REFS
1920 – 1939 · The Aland Islands Dispute and the Interwar Republic
4 EVENTS
1920 · Aland Autonomy Act 2 REFS
24 Jun 1921 · League of Nations awards Aland to Finland 3 REFS
1917 – 1920 · Independence and the Finnish Civil War
4 EVENTS
6 Dec 1917 · Declaration of independence 2 REFS
31 Dec 1917 · Soviet Russia recognises Finland 2 REFS
1809 – 1917 · The Grand Duchy of Finland under the Russian Empire
5 EVENTS
1809 · Finland becomes an autonomous Grand Duchy 2 REFS
1812 · Helsinki made the capital 2 REFS
c. 8800 BCE – 1809 · The Finnic Peoples and Six Centuries as Part of Sweden
5 EVENTS
c. 8800 BCE · First settlement of Finland 2 REFS
13th century · Turku and the Christianization of Finland 2 REFS
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Helsinki
Population
5.5 m
Area
338,424 km²
Region
Northern Europe
Languages
Finnish, Swedish
Currency
Euro (€)
Demonym
Finnish
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$317 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$56,149’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
0.2%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
0.3%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
83.4%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
5.6 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
82.3 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
74.5%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
1.3’24 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
89.3’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
80.1’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
86.7’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
85.8’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
91.8’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
92.2’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
10.5%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
3.61’21 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
2.4’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
94.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
99.6%’24 WB-WHO

Education

Education spending
6.4%’22 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
98.9%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
142.4%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
110.3%’24 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
3.1%’23 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
8,315’23 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
93.7%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
126’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
9.3%’24 WB-WDI

Geography

Land area
303,960 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
73.7%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
7.4%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
5.5’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
50.2%’21 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
0.4%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.1%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.3%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI
Phosphate rock
980 kt’25 USGS-MCS

Military

Military burden
2.3%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$7.0 B’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
22,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES