← THE SECTION CUT · NORTH AMERICA

Nicaragua

13.0N 85.0W · 22 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN · 15 SEPT 1821
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1990 – present · Democratic Interlude and Ortega's Return
4 EVENTS
Jan 2007 · Ortega returns to power 2 REFS
Apr 2018 · The 2018 crisis 3 REFS
1979 – 1990 · Revolution and the Contra War
4 EVENTS
19 July 1979 · Sandinista Revolution 3 REFS
early 1980s · The Contra war 2 REFS
1893 – 1979 · Intervention, Sandino, and the Somoza Dynasty
5 EVENTS
1894 CE · Incorporation of the Mosquito Coast 2 REFS
1912–1933 · United States Marine occupation 2 REFS
1821 – 1893 · Independence, Rivalry, and the Filibuster
4 EVENTS
15 Sept 1821 · Independence from Spain 2 REFS
1855–1857 · William Walker's filibuster 2 REFS
1524 – 1821 · Conquest, León, and the Mosquito Coast
3 EVENTS
1524 CE · Founding of León and Granada 3 REFS
1578 & 1610 · León Viejo abandoned 1 REF
c. 800 – 1522 · Indigenous Peoples of the Isthmus
2 EVENTS
c. 800 CE · Nicarao and Chorotega settle the Pacific lowlands 2 REFS
1522 CE · First Spanish contact 2 REFS
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EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Managua
Population
6.0 m
Area
130,373 km²
Region
Central America
Languages
Spanish
Currency
Nicaraguan córdoba (C$)
Demonym
Nicaraguan
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$22 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$3,173’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
4.9%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
2.1%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
96.4%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
7.0 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
75.1 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
59.4%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
2.2’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
87.3%’14 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
26.8’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
64.7’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
30.9’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
39.2’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
29.1’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
18.9’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
8.3%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
0.68’18 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
11.2’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
85.0%’23 WB-UNICEF-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
87.3%’14 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
2.9%’23 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
109.5%’23 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
70.2%’23 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
30.4%’23 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
0.1%’15 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
61.4%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
106’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
0.6%’24 WB-WDI

Geography

Land area
120,340 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
25.8%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
42.3%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
0.8’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
50.4%’21 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
3.8%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
2.7%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
1.1%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
88.7%’24 WB-WDI

Military

Military burden
0.5%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$105 M’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
12,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES