CORE —
EXTRACTED
EXTRACTED
THICKNESS ∝ EVENTS
← THE SECTION CUT · NORTH AMERICA
Panama
9.0N 80.0W · 19 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
SEPARATION FROM COLOMBIA · 3 NOVEMBER 1903
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
2000 - present · The Canal Nation
2 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
2000 · Panama administers the canal 2 REFS
26 June 2016 · Expanded canal opens 2 REFS
1968 - 1999 · Torrijos, the Treaties, and Noriega
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1968 · Torrijos takes power 2 REFS
7 Sept 1977 · Torrijos-Carter Treaties 2 REFS
1903 - 1968 · The Canal and the Zone
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
3 Nov 1903 · Separation from Colombia 2 REFS
18 Nov 1903 · Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty 2 REFS
1821 - 1903 · A Province of Colombia
3 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
28 Nov 1821 · Independence from Spain and union 2 REFS
1855 · Panama Railroad completed 2 REFS
1519 - 1821 · Artery of the Spanish Empire
3 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1519 · Founding of Panama Viejo 2 REFS
1597 · Trade shifts to Portobelo 2 REFS
Pre-1513 - 1538 · Crossroads and Conquest
3 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1501-1502 · Spanish reach the isthmus 2 REFS
25 Sept 1513 · Balboa sights the Pacific 1 REF
Read the chronicle
EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
↓
Quick facts · atlas reference
- Capital
- Panama City
- Population
- 3.8 m
- Area
- 75,417 km²
- Region
- Central America
- Languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Panamanian balboa (B/.)
- Demonym
- Panamanian
- UN member
- Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over
Specimen bench
PRESS A SPECIMEN — IT TURNS OVER
Economy
GDP
$90 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$19,790’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
4.4%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
-0.2%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
83.7%’24 WB-WDI
Society
Population
4.6 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
79.8 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
66.2%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
2.1’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
96.2%’24 WB-WDI
Governance
Voice & accountability
64.6’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
70.4’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
56.1’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
53.7’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
52.4’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
36.6’24 WB-WGI
Health
Health spending
8.3%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
1.63’22 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
15.3’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
93.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Education
Adult literacy
96.2%’24 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
2.5%’23 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
96.9%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
76.6%’17 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
53.7%’23 WB-UNESCO
Technology
R&D spending
0.2%’24 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
250’24 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
72.8%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
157’23 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
1.8%’24 WB-WDI
Geography
Land area
74,180 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
56.3%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
29.5%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
2.7’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
28.0%’21 WB-WDI
Resources
Resource rents
3.7%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
3.6%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.1%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
96.0%’24 WB-WDI
Military
Defense spending
$0’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
28,000’20 WB-SIPRI
A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.
The record · what changed here
- GDP — 2025 observation published ($90 B), superseding 2024 ($87 B) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP per capita — 2025 observation published ($19,790), superseding 2024 ($19,161) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP growth — 2025 observation published (4.4%), superseding 2024 (2.7%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Inflation — 2025 observation published (-0.2%), superseding 2024 (0.7%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Trade openness — 2024 value revised by the publisher: 83.7% → 83.7% — +0.00 points → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Electricity access — 2024 observation published (96.0%), superseding 2023 (97.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Population — 2025 observation published (4.6 m), superseding 2024 (4.5 m) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Urban population — 2025 observation published (66.2%), superseding 2024 (66.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14