CORE —
EXTRACTED
EXTRACTED
THICKNESS ∝ EVENTS
← THE SECTION CUT · AFRICA
Rwanda
2.0S 30.0E · 24 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE FROM BELGIUM · 1 JULY 1962
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1994 – present · Aftermath, Justice and Reconstruction
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1994 onward · Refugee crisis and the Congo wars 2 REFS
November 1994 · International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 2 REFS
April – July 1994 · The Genocide against the Tutsi
3 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
April–July 1994 · Genocide against the Tutsi 4 REFS
7 April 1994 · The killing begins 3 REFS
1973 – 1994 · Habyarimana, Civil War and Arusha
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
5 July 1973 · Habyarimana seizes power 2 REFS
6 April 1994 · Habyarimana's plane shot down 3 REFS
1959 – 1973 · Revolution, Independence and Exile
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
November 1959 · The Hutu 'Social Revolution' 3 REFS
25 September 1961 · Monarchy abolished by referendum 2 REFS
1890s – 1959 · German and Belgian Rule
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1894 · First European contact 2 REFS
1933 · Ethnic identity cards introduced 3 REFS
c. 1400 – 1890s · The Kingdom of the Mwami
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
c. 15th century · Clans coalesce into kingdoms 3 REFS
by the late 18th century · A centralised Tutsi-led state 2 REFS
Read the chronicle
EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
↓
Quick facts · atlas reference
- Capital
- Kigali
- Population
- 12 m
- Area
- 26,338 km²
- Region
- Eastern Africa
- Languages
- English, French, Kinyarwanda
- Currency
- Rwandan franc (Fr)
- Demonym
- Rwandan
- UN member
- Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over
Specimen bench
PRESS A SPECIMEN — IT TURNS OVER
Economy
GDP
$16 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$1,124’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
9.4%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
5.9%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
56.7%’25 WB-WDI
Society
Population
15 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
68.0 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
30.9%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
3.6’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
78.8%’22 WB-WDI
Governance
Voice & accountability
46.5’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
65.1’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
58.1’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
59.1’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
58.7’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
60.5’24 WB-WGI
Health
Health spending
5.1%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
0.09’22 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
37.7’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
97.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Education
Adult literacy
78.8%’22 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
4.6%’24 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
149.6%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
48.8%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
9.4%’24 WB-UNESCO
Technology
R&D spending
0.8%’23 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
133’23 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
31.7%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
93’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
4.8%’22 WB-WDI
Geography
Land area
24,670 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
11.3%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
76.3%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
0.2’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
79.9%’22 WB-WDI
Resources
Resource rents
4.0%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
4.0%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
72.0%’24 WB-WDI
Military
Military burden
1.2%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$176 M’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
35,000’20 WB-SIPRI
A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.
The record · what changed here
- GDP — 2025 observation published ($16 B), superseding 2024 ($14 B) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP per capita — 2025 observation published ($1,124), superseding 2024 ($1,000) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP growth — 2025 observation published (9.4%), superseding 2024 (8.9%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Inflation — 2025 observation published (5.9%), superseding 2024 (1.8%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Trade openness — 2025 observation published (56.7%), superseding 2024 (70.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Electricity access — 2024 observation published (72.0%), superseding 2023 (63.9%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Population — 2025 observation published (15 m), superseding 2024 (14 m) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Urban population — 2025 observation published (30.9%), superseding 2024 (29.9%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14