← THE SECTION CUT · AFRICA

Somalia

10.0N 49.0E · 30 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE AND UNION FORMING THE SOMALI REPUBLIC · 1 JULY 1960
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1991 – present · State Collapse, Civil War and the Federal Republic
6 EVENTS
1991 · State collapse and Somaliland's declaration 2 REFS
1992 · Famine and Operation Restore Hope 2 REFS
1960 – 1991 · Independence, Union and the Siad Barre Era
6 EVENTS
1 July 1960 · Birth of the Somali Republic 3 REFS
21 October 1969 · Siad Barre seizes power 2 REFS
1884 – 1941 · Colonial Partition and the Dervish Resistance
5 EVENTS
1884–1888 · British Somaliland protectorate 2 REFS
1889 · Italy's protectorates and Italian Somaliland 2 REFS
c. 1550 – 1880s · The Ajuran, Geledi and Majeerteen Sultanates
4 EVENTS
c. 13th–17th century · The Ajuran Sultanate 2 REFS
c. late 17th century · Rise of the Geledi Sultanate 2 REFS
c. 700 – 1543 · Islam, the Coastal City-States and the Adal Sultanate
5 EVENTS
c. 9th–10th century CE · Islam established on the Somali coast 2 REFS
1529–1543 · Wars of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 3 REFS
c. 2500 BCE – c. 700 CE · The Land of Punt and the Ancient Incense Coast
4 EVENTS
c. 2500 BCE · Egyptian trade with Punt begins 2 REFS
c. 1470 BCE · Hatshepsut's expedition to Punt 2 REFS
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EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Mogadishu
Population
7.5 m
Area
637,657 km²
Region
Eastern Africa
Languages
Arabic, Somali
Currency
Somali shilling (Sh)
Demonym
Somali
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$13 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$661’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
3.0%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
128.1%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
20 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
59.0 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
55.1%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
6.0’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
54.1%’22 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
29.3’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
27.2’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
13.4’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
27.6’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
19.0’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
11.7’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
3.7%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
0.05’14 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
101.1’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
64.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
54.1%’22 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
20.9%’23 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
3.3%’23 WB-UNESCO

Technology

Internet users
27.9%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
54’23 WB-ITU

Geography

Land area
627,340 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
9.2%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
70.3%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
0.0’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
95.4%’22 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
11.2%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
11.2%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
54.4%’24 WB-WDI

Military

Military burden
1.6%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$202 M’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
14,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES