← THE SECTION CUT · ASIA

Syria

35.0N 38.0E · 22 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE OF THE SYRIAN REPUBLIC — EVACUATION OF FRENCH TROOPS · 17 APRIL 1946
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1970 – present · The Assad Era, the Civil War and the Fall of 2024
4 EVENTS
2000 CE · Bashar al-Assad succeeds his father 1 REF
2011–2021 estimate · Human cost of the war 2 REFS
1918 – 1970 CE · The French Mandate and Independence
4 EVENTS
1920 CE · Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Mandate 2 REFS
17 April 1946 · Independence — evacuation of French troops 2 REFS
1099 – 1918 CE · Saladin, the Mamluks and Ottoman Rule
4 EVENTS
1187 CE · Saladin recaptures Jerusalem 2 REFS
1516 CE · Ottoman conquest of Syria 2 REFS
395 – 1099 CE · Islam and the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus
4 EVENTS
630s CE · The Muslim conquest of Syria 2 REFS
661 CE · Damascus, capital of the Umayyad Caliphate 2 REFS
1200 BCE – 395 CE · Aramaeans, Rome and the Glory of Palmyra
3 EVENTS
c. 11th–8th centuries BCE · The Aramaeans and Aram-Damascus 2 REFS
64 BCE · Pompey annexes Syria to Rome 2 REFS
c. 3000 BCE – 1200 BCE · Ebla, Mari, Ugarit and the First Alphabet
3 EVENTS
c. 2600–2240 BCE · The kingdom of Ebla 1 REF
early 2nd millennium BCE · Mari and the palace of Zimri-Lim 1 REF
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EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
Damascus
Population
18 m
Area
185,180 km²
Region
Western Asia
Languages
Arabic
Currency
Syrian pound (£)
Demonym
Syrian
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$24 B’22 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$1,057’22 WB-WDI
GDP growth
-0.2%’22 WB-WDI
Inflation
13.4%’19 WB-WDI
Trade openness
35.4%’22 WB-WDI

Society

Population
26 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
72.6 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
72.1%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
2.7’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
94.4%’21 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
24.5’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
25.4’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
18.8’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
23.4’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
25.8’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
13.4’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
2.7%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
1.52’21 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
18.4’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
81.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
94.4%’21 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
5.1%’09 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
81.4%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
38.7%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
43.8%’16 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
0.0%’22 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
140’22 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
33.8%’18 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
71’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
1.4%’10 WB-WDI

Geography

Land area
183,630 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
2.8%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
74.1%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
1.3’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
1.1%’21 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
6.4%’20 WB-WDI
Oil rents
4.0%’20 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’20 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.0%’20 WB-WDI
Electricity access
89.3%’24 WB-WDI
Phosphate rock
800 kt’25 USGS-MCS

Military

Military burden
4.1%’10 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$2.5 B’11 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
269,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES