← THE SECTION CUT · AFRICA

Chad

15.0N 19.0E · 23 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE FROM FRANCE · 11 AUGUST 1960
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1990 – present · The Déby era and its legacy
4 EVENTS
Dec 1990 · Idriss Déby seizes power 2 REFS
30 May 2016 · Habré convicted of crimes against humanity 2 REFS
1960 – 1990 · Independence and civil war
5 EVENTS
11 August 1960 · Independence under Tombalbaye 2 REFS
1966 · FROLINAT and the civil war 2 REFS
1879 – 1960 · Rabih's empire and French conquest
4 EVENTS
22 April 1900 · Battle of Kousséri 2 REFS
1910 · Chad joins French Equatorial Africa 2 REFS
c. 1500 – 1900 · Baguirmi, Wadai and the Saharan trade
3 EVENTS
c. 1635 · Founding of the Wadai Sultanate 2 REFS
c. 1804–1815 · Wadai's commercial expansion 2 REFS
c. 700 – 1846 · Kanem and Kanem-Bornu
5 EVENTS
c. 1075 · Hummay founds the Sayfawa dynasty 2 REFS
c. 1210–1248 · Zenith under Dunama Dibalemi 2 REFS
c. 7 million BP – 16th century CE · Toumaï and the Sao
2 EVENTS
from c. 6th century BCE · Rise of the Sao culture 2 REFS
19 July 2001 · Discovery of Toumaï 3 REFS
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EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
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Quick facts · atlas reference
Capital
N'Djamena
Population
12 m
Area
1,284,000 km²
Region
Middle Africa
Languages
Arabic, French
Currency
Central African CFA franc (Fr)
Demonym
Chadian
UN member
Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over

Economy

GDP
$21 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$1,022’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
5.6%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
-3.9%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
46.1%’25 WB-WDI

Society

Population
21 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
55.2 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
27.6%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
6.0’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
30.6%’19 WB-WDI

Governance

Voice & accountability
30.3’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
35.5’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
29.9’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
37.7’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
32.1’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
19.7’24 WB-WGI

Health

Health spending
5.0%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
0.09’23 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
97.3’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
66.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
6.3%’24 WB-WHO

Education

Adult literacy
30.6%’19 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
3.2%’23 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
88.5%’24 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
23.5%’24 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
4.4%’20 WB-UNESCO

Technology

R&D spending
0.2%’16 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
57’16 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
12.6%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
73’24 WB-ITU

Geography

Land area
1,259,200 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
3.2%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
40.0%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
0.1’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
70.0%’22 WB-WDI

Resources

Resource rents
21.3%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
16.8%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
4.6%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
13.4%’24 WB-WDI

Military

Military burden
3.0%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$558 M’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
45,000’20 WB-SIPRI

A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.

The record · what changed here
EVERY CLAIM SOURCED
ABSENCE ≠ ZERO
NO SIDES