CORE —
EXTRACTED
EXTRACTED
THICKNESS ∝ EVENTS
← THE SECTION CUT · ASIA
Türkiye
39.0N 35.0E · 32 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
PROCLAMATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY · 29 OCTOBER 1923
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
1923 – present · The Republic and Modern Türkiye
6 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
25 December 1995-31 January 1996 · The Kardak/Imia crisis 2 REFS
June 2022 · Registered at the UN as 'Türkiye' 2 REFS
1914 – 1923 · World War I, the Armenian Genocide and the War of Independence
6 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1915–1916 · The Armenian Genocide 2 REFS
10 August 1920 · Treaty of Sèvres 2 REFS
1453 – 1914 · The Ottoman Empire: Height and Decline
6 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1520–1566 · Reign of Süleyman the Magnificent 2 REFS
1529 · First Siege of Vienna 2 REFS
1071 – 1453 · The Rise of the Seljuks and Ottomans
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
c. 1077 · Sultanate of Rûm at Konya 2 REFS
c. 1299 · Foundation of the Ottoman emirate 2 REFS
c. 1180 BCE – 1071 CE · Greek, Roman and Byzantine Anatolia
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
11 May 330 CE · Constantine refounds Constantinople 2 REFS
26 August 1071 · Battle of Manzikert 2 REFS
c. 7100 BCE – c. 1180 BCE · Ancient Anatolia: Çatalhöyük, the Hittites and Troy
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
c. 7100 BCE · The Neolithic town of Çatalhöyük 2 REFS
17th century BCE · Hattusa becomes the Hittite capital 2 REFS
Read the chronicle
EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
↓
Quick facts · atlas reference
- Capital
- Ankara
- Population
- 81 m
- Area
- 783,562 km²
- Region
- Western Asia
- Languages
- Turkish
- Currency
- Turkish lira (₺)
- Demonym
- Turkish
- UN member
- Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over
Specimen bench
PRESS A SPECIMEN — IT TURNS OVER
Economy
GDP
$1.60 T’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$18,599’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
3.6%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
34.9%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
49.9%’25 WB-WDI
Society
Population
86 m’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
77.4 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
89.5%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
1.5’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
97.3%’21 WB-WDI
Governance
Voice & accountability
37.7’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
49.3’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
50.0’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
51.5’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
42.4’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
36.5’24 WB-WGI
Health
Health spending
4.3%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
2.24’22 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
9.6’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
95.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Education
Adult literacy
97.3%’21 WB-UNESCO
Education spending
3.1%’22 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
102.4%’23 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
118.4%’23 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
105.9%’23 WB-UNESCO
Technology
R&D spending
1.4%’23 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
2,645’23 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
89.8%’25 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
108’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
5.1%’24 WB-WDI
Geography
Land area
769,630 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
29.5%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
50.1%’23 WB-WDI
CO₂ per capita (t)
5.4’24 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
12.0%’21 WB-WDI
Resources
Resource rents
0.8%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.1%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.6%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI
Iron ore
18 Mt’25 USGS-MCS
Cobalt (mined)
1,900 t’25 USGS-MCS
Bauxite
3.8 Mt’25 USGS-MCS
Phosphate rock
1.2 Mt’25 USGS-MCS
Military
Military burden
1.9%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$25 B’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
512,000’20 WB-SIPRI
A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.
The record · what changed here
- GDP — 2025 observation published ($1.60 T), superseding 2024 ($1.36 T) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP per capita — 2025 observation published ($18,599), superseding 2024 ($15,893) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP growth — 2025 observation published (3.6%), superseding 2024 (3.3%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Inflation — 2025 observation published (34.9%), superseding 2024 (58.5%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Trade openness — 2025 observation published (49.9%), superseding 2024 (54.6%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Electricity access — 2024 observation published (100.0%), superseding 2023 (100.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Population — 2025 observation published (86 m), superseding 2024 (86 m) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Urban population — 2025 observation published (89.5%), superseding 2024 (89.3%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14