CORE —
EXTRACTED
EXTRACTED
THICKNESS ∝ EVENTS
← THE SECTION CUT · EUROPE
Montenegro
42.5N 19.3E · 26 EVENTS · 9 DOMAINS
INDEPENDENCE RECOGNISED AT THE CONGRESS OF BERLIN · 1878
▼ PULL DOWN TO EXTRACT THE CORE
2006 – present · Independent Montenegro, NATO and Europe
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
2008 · Application for EU membership 1 REF
5 Jun 2017 · Accession to NATO 2 REFS
1991 – 2006 · Rump Yugoslavia, the State Union and the Road to the 2006 Referendum
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1992 · Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2 REFS
21 May 2006 · Independence referendum 3 REFS
1914 – 1991 · War, the Podgorica Assembly and Yugoslav Montenegro
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
Jan 1916 · Battle of Mojkovac and Austro-Hungarian occupation 2 REFS
Nov 1918 · The Podgorica Assembly 2 REFS
1852 – 1914 · Secular Principality, the Congress of Berlin and the Kingdom
5 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1852 · Montenegro becomes a secular principality 2 REFS
13 Jul 1878 · Independence recognised at the Congress of Berlin 3 REFS
1516 – 1851 · The Prince-Bishopric and the Petrovic-Njegos Resistance
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
c. 1516 · Rise of the theocratic Prince-Bishopric 2 REFS
1696 · Petrovic-Njegos dynasty established 2 REFS
c. 1000 – 1496 · Duklja, Zeta and the Coming of the Name Montenegro
4 EVENTS · READ THE BED →
1042 · Duklja wins independence from Byzantium 2 REFS
1077 · Mihailo crowned king of Duklja 2 REFS
Read the chronicle
EVERY ERA, EVENT AND REFERENCE ON ONE PAGE
↓
Quick facts · atlas reference
- Capital
- Podgorica
- Population
- 643,000
- Area
- 13,812 km²
- Region
- Southeast Europe
- Languages
- Montenegrin
- Currency
- Euro (€)
- Demonym
- Montenegrin
- UN member
- Yes
Dossier · press a specimen — it turns over
Specimen bench
PRESS A SPECIMEN — IT TURNS OVER
Economy
GDP
$9.2 B’25 WB-WDI
GDP per capita
$14,817’25 WB-WDI
GDP growth
2.7%’25 WB-WDI
Inflation
3.9%’25 WB-WDI
Trade openness
105.8%’25 WB-WDI
Society
Population
623,000’25 WB-WDI
Life expectancy
77.9 yrs’24 WB-WDI
Urban population
65.6%’25 WB-WDI
Fertility rate
1.8’24 WB-WDI
Literacy rate
98.5%’18 WB-WDI
Governance
Voice & accountability
63.7’24 WB-WGI
Political stability
71.6’24 WB-WGI
Government effectiveness
58.5’24 WB-WGI
Regulatory quality
56.9’24 WB-WGI
Rule of law
60.1’24 WB-WGI
Control of corruption
46.7’24 WB-WGI
Health
Health spending
9.7%’23 WB-WHO
Physicians
2.78’23 WB-WHO
Under-5 mortality
2.4’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Measles immunisation
23.0%’24 WB-UNICEF-WHO
Safe drinking water
85.5%’24 WB-WHO
Education
Adult literacy
98.5%’18 WB-UNESCO
Primary enrolment
106.1%’23 WB-UNESCO
Secondary enrolment
93.9%’23 WB-UNESCO
Tertiary enrolment
55.2%’23 WB-UNESCO
Technology
R&D spending
0.4%’19 WB-UNESCO
Researchers (per million)
764’19 WB-UNESCO
Internet users
88.9%’24 WB-ITU
Mobile subscriptions
222’24 WB-ITU
High-tech exports
14.5%’24 WB-WDI
Geography
Land area
13,450 km²’23 WB-WDI
Forest area
61.5%’23 WB-WDI
Agricultural land
19.6%’23 WB-WDI
Renewable energy
39.6%’21 WB-WDI
Resources
Resource rents
0.6%’21 WB-WDI
Oil rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Mineral rents
0.0%’21 WB-WDI
Forest rents
0.5%’21 WB-WDI
Electricity access
100.0%’24 WB-WDI
Military
Military burden
1.8%’24 WB-SIPRI
Defense spending
$150 M’24 WB-SIPRI
Armed forces
12,000’20 WB-SIPRI
A hatched gap has no underside — there is nothing to turn over. Absence is stated, never zeroed.
The record · what changed here
- GDP — 2025 observation published ($9.2 B), superseding 2024 ($8.3 B) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP per capita — 2025 observation published ($14,817), superseding 2024 ($13,263) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- GDP growth — 2025 observation published (2.7%), superseding 2024 (3.2%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Inflation — 2025 observation published (3.9%), superseding 2024 (3.3%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Trade openness — 2025 observation published (105.8%), superseding 2024 (109.9%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Electricity access — 2024 observation published (100.0%), superseding 2023 (100.0%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Population — 2025 observation published (623,000), superseding 2024 (624,000) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14
- Urban population — 2025 observation published (65.6%), superseding 2024 (65.5%) → THE SPECIMENLEDGER № 0001 · 2026-08-14