2 events · 2 nations
400s
1 record
Asia
- ARM
Armenia · Culture & Ideas · c. 405 CE
Mesrop Mashtots creates the Armenian alphabet
The scholar Mesrop Mashtots devised the 36-letter Armenian alphabet, enabling Scripture and literature in Armenian and launching a 5th-century golden age of writing and translation.
The First Christian Nation and the Alphabet
Sources: Armenian alphabet (Encyclopædia Britannica) · Mesrop Mashtots (World History Encyclopedia)
1 record
Europe
- ESP
Spain · Peoples & Migration · 409 CE
Germanic peoples enter Iberia
As Roman power waned, Germanic groups crossed into the peninsula; the Visigoths emerged as the dominant power and built a kingdom on the Roman and Christian inheritance.
Iberia: Celts, Phoenicians, Rome and the Visigoths
Sources: Spain (Encyclopaedia Britannica) · Visigoth (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
2 events · 2 nations
410s
2 records
Asia
- LBN
Lebanon · Religion · late 4th–early 5th century
Saint Maron and the Maronite origins
The Maronite community traces its origin to Saint Maron, a Syrian hermit whose ascetic following grows into a distinct church that later takes refuge in the mountains of Lebanon.
Roman Heliopolis and the Rise of Christianity
Sources: Maronite church (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Europe
- GBR
United Kingdom · Politics & Power · c. AD 410
End of Roman Britain
Roman authority was effectively withdrawn from Britain around 410, after which the former province fragmented and Germanic-speaking peoples gradually settled across what became England.
Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
Sources: Roman Britain (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
2 events · 2 nations
420s
1 record
North America
- HND
Honduras · Politics & Power · c. 426-822 CE
Dynasty of sixteen kings
A line of at least sixteen rulers governs Copán, raising temples, stelae, and the Hieroglyphic Stairway during the city's Classic-period height.
Copán and the First Peoples
Sources: Copán (Encyclopaedia Britannica) · Hieroglyphic Stairway (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
1 record
Asia
- ARM
Armenia · Politics & Power · 428 CE
End of the Armenian monarchy
The Sasanian Persians abolished the Arsacid kingdom of Armenia and ruled the territory through appointed officials, ending the ancient Armenian monarchy.
Urartu and the Armenian Kingdom
Sources: Armenia — Caucasus, Soviet Union, Genocide (Modern Armenia) (Encyclopædia Britannica)
5 events · 4 nations
430s
2 records
Asia
- CYP
Cyprus · Religion · 5th c. CE
An autocephalous Church
The Church of Cyprus was recognised as self-governing (autocephalous), free from the authority of any neighbouring patriarch, a distinction its archbishops have defended throughout the island's history.
Roman and Byzantine Cyprus: An Early Christian Island
Sources: Cyprus: History (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Europe
- IRL
Ireland · Religion
Palladius sent to the Irish
Pope Celestine I commissioned the bishop Palladius as the first bishop 'to the Irish believing in Christ', marking the formal arrival of organised Christianity on the island.
Gaelic Ireland and the Monastic Golden Age
Sources: Ireland Converts to Christianity (EBSCO Research Starters) · Saint Patrick (World History Encyclopedia)
1 record
Europe
- IRL
Ireland · Religion · 5th century
The mission of St Patrick
The British-born missionary Patrick, traditionally active from the 430s, evangelised much of Ireland, secured toleration for Christians and fostered a native clergy and monasticism; his feast is 17 March.
Gaelic Ireland and the Monastic Golden Age
Sources: Saint Patrick (World History Encyclopedia) · Ireland Converts to Christianity (EBSCO Research Starters)
2 records
Africa
- DZA
Algeria · War & Rupture
Vandals take Carthage
After seizing Hippo Regius, Genseric's Vandals capture Carthage in 439 and rule a kingdom commanding the western Mediterranean.
Vandals, Byzantines and the Coming of Islam
Sources: North Africa: The Vandal conquest (Encyclopaedia Britannica) · Battle of Tricamarum (World History Encyclopedia)
- TUN
Tunisia · War & Rupture · 439 CE
Vandals take Carthage
Gaiseric's Vandals seize Carthage, making it the capital of a kingdom in North Africa.
Roman Africa, Christianity & the Vandals
Sources: History of Tunisia (Wikipedia) · Africa Proconsularis (Roman province) (UNRV Roman History)
3 events · 3 nations
450s
1 record
Asia
- NPL
Nepal · Formation · c. 450 CE
Rise of the Licchavi dynasty
The Licchavis establish the first well-documented dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley, using Sanskrit, minting coins and linking India and Tibet by trade.
Ancient Kingdoms: Kirata and Licchavi
Sources: Licchavi era (Encyclopædia Britannica) · Nepal — History (Himalayas, Monarchy, Unification) (Encyclopædia Britannica)
2 records
Africa
- EGY
Egypt · Religion · 451 CE
Council of Chalcedon and the Coptic schism
Doctrinal disputes over the nature of Christ separate the Egyptian (Coptic) Church from the imperial church of Constantinople.
Greco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt
Sources: Ptolemaic Dynasty (World History Encyclopedia)
Asia
- JOR
Jordan · Religion · 5th - 6th century CE
Christian Byzantium and the mosaics of Um er-Rasas
Under Byzantine rule Christianity spread across the plateau and church floors were laid with elaborate mosaics, preserved most fully at Um er-Rasas, later a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Rome, the Decapolis and Byzantine Christianity
Sources: Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (UNESCO World Heritage Centre)
1 event · 1 nation
470s
1 record
Europe
- ITA
Italy · Politics & Power · 476 CE
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The Germanic leader Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, traditionally regarded as the last Western Roman emperor, ending Roman imperial rule in Italy.
The Roman Republic and Empire
Sources: Ancient Rome (World History Encyclopedia) · Italy (country overview and history) (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
1 event · 1 nation