EritreaandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
8 SHARED EVENTSEthiopia

Entangled histories

8 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · ERI LEFT · ETH RIGHT

1. October 1896

   Treaty of Addis Ababa

   Italy recognises the full sovereignty and independence of Ethiopia, abrogating the Treaty of Wuchale, though it retains the separate coastal colony of Eritrea.

   Independence · from the Ethiopia chronicle · Menelik II, Adwa and the Defeat of Colonisation · REFS 1 — Battle of Adwa

2. October 1935 - May 1936

   Conquest of Ethiopia launched from Eritrea

   Italian forces invade Ethiopia from Eritrea, taking Addis Ababa in May 1936; Eritrea is absorbed into Italian East Africa.

   War & Rupture · from the Eritrea chronicle · Italy's First-Born Colony · REFS 2 — Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Italian Eritrea

3. 11 September 1952

   UN federation with Ethiopia

   Under UN Resolution 390 A (V) of 1950, Eritrea becomes an autonomous unit federated with Ethiopia, keeping its own parliament, flag and control of internal affairs.

   Politics & Power · from the Eritrea chronicle · Federation, Annexation and the Thirty-Year War · REFS 2 — Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition: Eritrea

4. 24 May 1991

   EPLF captures Asmara

   As the Derg regime collapses in Ethiopia, EPLF forces enter Asmara, winning de facto independence and forming a provisional government.

   Independence · from the Eritrea chronicle · Federation, Annexation and the Thirty-Year War · REFS 2 — Eritrean People's Liberation Front, Eritrean War of Independence

5. May 1991

   Fall of the Derg and a new federal order

   The EPRDF captures Addis Ababa and Mengistu flees into exile, ending the civil war and the Derg; a new ethnic-federal constitution follows, and Eritrea votes for independence in 1993, leaving Ethiopia landlocked.

   Politics & Power · from the Ethiopia chronicle · Haile Selassie, the Derg, Civil War and Modern Ethiopia · REFS 2 — Fall of the Derg regime, 1993 Eritrean independence referendum

6. May 1998 - June 2000

   Border war with Ethiopia

   A dispute over Badme escalates into a full-scale war that kills tens of thousands and displaces more than a million before a ceasefire.

   War & Rupture · from the Eritrea chronicle · Independence, Border War and the Closed State · REFS 2 — Eritrean-Ethiopian War (1998 invasion of Ethiopia), Algiers Agreement (2000)

7. 12 December 2000

   Algiers Agreement

   Eritrea and Ethiopia sign the Algiers peace agreement; a boundary commission later awards Badme to Eritrea, but Ethiopia refuses to withdraw, leaving a frozen stand-off.

   Politics & Power · from the Eritrea chronicle · Independence, Border War and the Closed State · REFS 1 — Algiers Agreement (2000)

8. 9 July 2018

   Peace with Ethiopia

   Isaias Afwerki and Abiy Ahmed sign a declaration formally ending the border war, though internal repression in Eritrea continues largely unchanged.

   Politics & Power · from the Eritrea chronicle · Independence, Border War and the Closed State · REFS 1 — Eritrea-Ethiopia Peace Deal Offers Hope for Reform