SpainandItaly

1492 · 17 March 1861

Two sourced records set beside each other — the figures each nation publishes, and the events each chronicle records of the other. Compared, never graded.

Spain

1492 — The Granada War ends and the Catholic Monarchs' realms span the peninsula

Dossier →Chronicle →

Italy

17 March 1861 — The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed

Dossier →Chronicle →

Shared indicators
43
Domains
9
Crossed events
1
Data through
2026-08-22

The figures, side by side

Each figure is the same observation, with the same source, as on the two dossiers. Every value shows the year it was observed — vintages differ by indicator and nation. A “—” is an absence in the source data, never a zero. Metric names link to the world ranking; values open the figure on its own dossier.

Economy

ESPITA
  • GDP
    $1.91 T2025$2.55 T2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • GDP per capita
    $38,6272025$43,3092025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • GDP growth
    2.8%20250.5%2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • Inflation
    2.7%20251.5%2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • Trade openness
    69.5%202562.5%2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded

Society

ESPITA
  • Population
    49 m202559 m2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • Life expectancy
    83.9 yrs202484.0 yrs2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Urban population
    80.5%202569.7%2025
    Observed 2025 / 2025 · figures compared, never graded
  • Fertility rate
    1.120241.22024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded

Governance

ESPITA

Health

ESPITA
  • Health spending
    9.2%20238.4%2024
    Observed 2023 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Physicians
    4.2920224.192022
    Observed 2022 / 2022 · figures compared, never graded
  • Under-5 mortality
    3.220242.72024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Measles immunisation
    97.0%202495.0%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Safe drinking water
    99.5%202496.8%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded

Education

ESPITA

Technology

ESPITA
  • R&D spending
    1.5%20231.4%2023
    Observed 2023 / 2023 · figures compared, never graded
  • Researchers (per million)
    3,65420232,8552023
    Observed 2023 / 2023 · figures compared, never graded
  • Internet users
    95.8%202489.2%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Mobile subscriptions
    13020241332024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • High-tech exports
    9.3%202412.3%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded

Geography

ESPITA
  • Land area
    499,697 km²2023295,720 km²2023
    Observed 2023 / 2023 · figures compared, never graded
  • Forest area
    37.2%202332.9%2023
    Observed 2023 / 2023 · figures compared, never graded
  • Agricultural land
    49.6%202344.3%2023
    Observed 2023 / 2023 · figures compared, never graded
  • CO₂ per capita (t)
    4.520245.12024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Renewable energy
    19.0%202117.5%2021
    Observed 2021 / 2021 · figures compared, never graded

Resources

ESPITA
  • Resource rents
    0.1%20210.1%2021
    Observed 2021 / 2021 · figures compared, never graded
  • Oil rents
    0.0%20210.1%2021
    Observed 2021 / 2021 · figures compared, never graded
  • Mineral rents
    0.1%20210.0%2021
    Observed 2021 / 2021 · figures compared, never graded
  • Forest rents
    0.0%20210.0%2021
    Observed 2021 / 2021 · figures compared, never graded
  • Electricity access
    100.0%2024100.0%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded

Military

ESPITA
  • Military burden
    1.4%20241.6%2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Defense spending
    $25 B2024$38 B2024
    Observed 2024 / 2024 · figures compared, never graded
  • Armed forces
    199,0002020338,0002020
    Observed 2020 / 2020 · figures compared, never graded

Entangled histories

One event in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

  1. 1494

    French invasion and the Italian Wars

    The French invasion of 1494 opened decades of warfare in which France and Spain fought for control of Italy, exposing the weakness of its divided states.

    War & Rupture · from the Italy chronicle · The Renaissance and the City-States · REFS 1 — Italy (country overview and history)