SpainandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
6 SHARED EVENTSMorocco

Entangled histories

6 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · ESP LEFT · MAR RIGHT

1. 1086

   Almoravids enter al-Andalus

   Yusuf ibn Tashfin leads the Almoravids into Spain, checking the Christian Reconquista and bringing Muslim al-Andalus under Moroccan rule.

   War & Rupture · from the Morocco chronicle · The Berber Empires: Almoravids and Almohads · REFS 2 — North Africa: The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads, The Art of the Almoravid and Almohad Periods (ca. 1062–1269)

2. 1212

   Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

   A Christian coalition decisively defeats the Almohads in Spain, beginning the dynasty's decline and reopening al-Andalus to the Reconquista.

   War & Rupture · from the Morocco chronicle · The Berber Empires: Almoravids and Almohads · REFS 2 — The Art of the Almoravid and Almohad Periods (ca. 1062–1269), North Africa: The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads

3. 30 March 1912

   Treaty of Fez establishes the protectorates

   Sultan Abd al-Hafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate; a Spanish zone in the north and south and an international zone at Tangier are settled the same year.

   Colonisation · from the Morocco chronicle · The Alaouite Dynasty and the Protectorates · REFS 2 — Treaty of Fès (1912), A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition: Morocco

4. 22 July 1921

   Battle of Annual and the Rif War

   Abd el-Krim's Riffian fighters destroy a Spanish army at Annual and proclaim a Republic of the Rif; a Franco-Spanish coalition suppresses the rebellion by 1926.

   War & Rupture · from the Morocco chronicle · The Alaouite Dynasty and the Protectorates · REFS 1 — Rif War

5. 2 March 1956

   Restoration of independence

   France ends its protectorate by agreement with Morocco; Spain relinquishes most of its northern zone in April, restoring Moroccan independence under Sultan Mohammed V.

   Independence · from the Morocco chronicle · Independence and the Modern Kingdom · REFS 2 — French Colony to Sovereign State: Moroccan Independence, A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition: Morocco

6. 6 November 1975

   The Green March

   King Hassan II leads the Green March, in which about 350,000 unarmed Moroccans enter the Western Sahara to assert Morocco's claim as Spain withdraws; the territory's status remains disputed.

   Politics & Power · from the Morocco chronicle · Independence and the Modern Kingdom · REFS 2 — Moroccans march into Western Sahara in the Green March, 1975, Dispute over the Western Sahara Erupts in the Green March