FranceandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
6 SHARED EVENTSHaiti

Entangled histories

6 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · FRA LEFT · HTI RIGHT

1. 1697 CE

   France gains Saint-Domingue

   The Treaty of Rijswijk transfers the western third of Hispaniola from Spain to France, creating the colony of Saint-Domingue.

   Colonisation · from the Haiti chronicle · Saint-Domingue: The Richest Colony on Earth · REFS 2 — Treaty of Rijswijk, Saint-Domingue

2. by 1789

   World's richest colony

   Saint-Domingue, with roughly half a million enslaved Africans, has become the leading producer of sugar and coffee and France's most valuable colony.

   Economy & Trade · from the Haiti chronicle · Saint-Domingue: The Richest Colony on Earth · REFS 2 — Saint-Domingue, Haitian Revolution

3. 1802 CE

   Napoleon's expedition; Toussaint deported

   Napoleon sends an army to restore slavery; Toussaint Louverture is seized and deported to France, where he dies in 1803.

   War & Rupture · from the Haiti chronicle · The Haitian Revolution and Independence · REFS 2 — Toussaint Louverture, Haitian Revolution

4. 1825 CE

   The French indemnity

   France recognises Haitian independence only in exchange for an indemnity of 150 million francs, burdening Haiti with crippling debt.

   Economy & Trade · from the Haiti chronicle · Kingdom, Republic, and the Indemnity · REFS 3 — History of Haiti, La dette de l'indépendance d'Haïti. L'esclave comme unité de compte (1794-1922), by Gusti-Klara Gaillard-Pourchet, Déclaration du Président de la République sur la relation entre la France et Haïti (17 April 2025)

5. 1838 CE

   The indemnity reduced to 90 million

   A new treaty with France recognises Haitian independence without conditions and cuts the indemnity to 90 million francs, spread over thirty annual payments.

   Politics & Power · from the Haiti chronicle · Kingdom, Republic, and the Indemnity · REFS 1 — La dette de l'indépendance d'Haïti. L'esclave comme unité de compte (1794-1922), by Gusti-Klara Gaillard-Pourchet

6. 1878-1922

   The independence debt paid off

   Haiti settles the indemnity in 1878 with a loan placed in France in 1875; the last repayments on the loans raised to pay it end in 1921-22.

   Economy & Trade · from the Haiti chronicle · Kingdom, Republic, and the Indemnity · REFS 1 — La dette de l'indépendance d'Haïti. L'esclave comme unité de compte (1794-1922), by Gusti-Klara Gaillard-Pourchet