GermanyandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
4 SHARED EVENTSItaly

Entangled histories

4 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · DEU LEFT · ITA RIGHT

1. 2 Feb 962

   Otto I crowned emperor

   Pope John XII crowned Otto I of East Francia emperor in Rome, uniting the German and Italian kingdoms and founding the Holy Roman Empire that would frame German political life for over 800 years.

   Formation · from the Germany chronicle · The Holy Roman Empire and the Reformation · REFS 1 — 962: The Establishment of the Holy Roman Empire

2. 1938

   Fascist racial laws

   Mussolini's government enacted antisemitic racial laws that stripped Italian Jews of rights and citizenship, foreshadowing later deportations under German occupation.

   Politics & Power · from the Italy chronicle · Liberal Italy, Fascism, War and the Republic · REFS 1 — Italy (Fascism, racial laws and the Second World War)

3. 10 June 1940

   Italy enters the Second World War

   Italy declared war on Britain and France, entering the Second World War as Germany's Axis ally, a decision that brought defeat, occupation and devastation.

   War & Rupture · from the Italy chronicle · Liberal Italy, Fascism, War and the Republic · REFS 2 — Italy (Fascism, racial laws and the Second World War), Italy (country overview and history)

4. 8 September 1943

   Mussolini's fall and the armistice

   Mussolini was ousted in July 1943 and Italy signed an armistice with the Allies on 8 September; Germany then occupied the north, and a violent civil war and Resistance followed.

   War & Rupture · from the Italy chronicle · Liberal Italy, Fascism, War and the Republic · REFS 2 — Italy (Fascism, racial laws and the Second World War), Italy (country overview and history)