- — Europe:
Founding of the Red Cross (ICRC)
A committee of five Genevans took up Dunant's proposals and formed the body that became the International Committee of the Red Cross, adopting the red cross on white — the inverse of the Swiss flag — as the emblem of neutral medical aid.
Era: The Federal State and the Birth of Humanitarian Geneva
Sources: Founding and early years of the ICRC (1863-1914) · International Committee of the Red Cross
- — Europe:
The Lithuanian press ban
After the 1863 uprising the tsarist regime banned Lithuanian books in the Latin alphabet; the ban lasted forty years before being lifted in 1904.
Era: The Commonwealth, the Partitions and the National Revival
Sources: History of Lithuania · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — Europe:
Romantic nationalism and a national culture
A movement of romantic nationalism drew on Norwegian history, landscape and folk tradition; Ibsen, Grieg and Munch gave the nation a place in world culture and reinforced a separate identity.
Era: Eidsvoll, the Union with Sweden and National Awakening
Sources: Nasjonalromantikken · Store norske leksikon
- — Europe:
The first Estonian Song Festival
The first all-Estonian Song Festival was held at Tartu, founded by Johann Voldemar Jannsen, making mass choral singing the central expression of an awakening national identity.
Era: The Russian Empire and the National Awakening
Sources: A history of the Estonian Song Celebration: timeline from 1869 to today · Estonian World, Estonia: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
Culture & Ideas in the 1860s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged culture and ideas — art, language, science and learning, narrowed to the 1860s — 4 of them, drawn from 4 nations, running from 1863 to 1869. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 4
- Nations
- 4
- Earliest
- 1863
- Latest
- 1869
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.