- South America
Dollarisation
Amid financial collapse President Jamil Mahuad adopts the US dollar as Ecuador's currency, abandoning the sucre; he is ousted days later but the dollar stays.
Era: Oil, Dollar and the Modern Crisis
Sources: History of Ecuador · Encyclopaedia Britannica, The World Bank in Ecuador: Overview · The World Bank
- Africa
Wealth amid deep inequality
Oil gave Equatorial Guinea one of Africa's highest GDP-per-capita figures, yet much of the population remained poor; the government faced sustained criticism over corruption, human rights and the concentration of wealth in the ruling family.
Era: Obiang, oil, and inequality
Sources: Equatorial Guinea · Encyclopædia Britannica, History of Equatorial Guinea · Wikipedia
- North America
Panama administers the canal
The Panama Canal Authority assumes full management of the waterway, anchoring a service and logistics economy.
Era: The Canal Nation
Sources: The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, Panama · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Fast-track land reform
The government backed often-violent seizures of white-owned commercial farms; the disruption, with drought and sanctions, helped trigger a severe economic collapse.
Era: Independence, Gukurahundi and the Mugabe years
Sources: Zimbabwe: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Zimbabwe · Wikipedia
- South America
- North America
Dollarisation
El Salvador retires its national currency, the colon, and adopts the US dollar as legal tender, deepening ties to the United States economy and to migrant remittances.
Era: Postwar El Salvador and the Bukele Era
Sources: El Salvador: The postconflict era · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Reconstruction and the oil boom
Peace allowed Angola to rebuild on the back of surging oil revenues, driving rapid growth in the 2000s amid persistent inequality and corruption.
Era: Peace and oil-rich modern Angola
Sources: Angola — Colonialism, Independence, Civil War (history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Angola · Wikipedia
- Europe
Unilateral adoption of the euro
Montenegro made the euro its sole legal tender from March 2002, a unilateral euroisation undertaken without European Central Bank agreement that distanced its economy from Serbia's.
Era: Rump Yugoslavia, the State Union and the Road to the 2006 Referendum
Sources: Euroisation: Montenegro's adoption of the Deutsche Mark and then the euro (sole legal tender from March 2002) · Central Bank of Montenegro (Centralna banka Crne Gore)
- North America
Tourism-led growth takes off
The Dominican Republic emerges as the Caribbean's leading tourist destination, with Punta Cana's resorts and Santo Domingo's colonial city anchoring a fast-growing services economy.
Era: The Modern Tourism Republic
Sources: Dominican Republic Overview · The World Bank, History of the Dominican Republic · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Angola joins OPEC
Angola became a member of OPEC, underscoring its standing as one of Africa's leading oil producers and the centrality of crude oil to its economy.
Era: Peace and oil-rich modern Angola
Sources: History of Angola · Wikipedia, Beyond Mugabe: Angola's Strongman Also Bowed Out in 2017 · The Globalist
- Africa
Graduation from least-developed status
Buoyed by tourism, remittances and stable governance, Cape Verde graduated from the UN list of least-developed countries — a rare achievement for an African state — confirming its development progress.
Era: A stable democracy and a global people
Sources: History of Cape Verde · Wikipedia, Cabo Verde — Country Overview · World Bank Group
- Africa
A cocaine transit "narco-state"
Weak institutions, porous borders and an archipelago of uninhabited islands made Guinea-Bissau a major transit point for Latin American cocaine bound for Europe; the UN described it as the first African "narco-state", with the drug trade rivalling the legal economy.
Era: Instability, civil war and the cocaine route
Sources: West Africa under attack from narco-trafficking · UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Guinea-Bissau's illegal drug economy · Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, Cocaine and Guinea-Bissau: How Africa's 'narco-state' is trying to kick its habit · BBC News
- Europe
Adoption of the euro
Slovenia became the first of the 2004 entrants to adopt the euro, replacing the tolar on 1 January 2007 and completing its integration into the core of the European Union.
Era: A European Republic and the Border Arbitration
Sources: Slovenia – EU country · European Union (european-union.europa.eu)
- Asia
Accession to the World Trade Organization
Vietnam joins the WTO, cementing its integration into the global economy and accelerating an export-driven manufacturing boom.
Era: Doi Moi Reforms and Modern Vietnam
Sources: Doi Moi (Renovation) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vietnam · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Collapse of the banks
The three big Icelandic banks, whose assets dwarfed the economy, failed within days in October 2008 in the largest banking collapse relative to GDP in history; the state passed emergency laws and turned to the IMF before recovering.
Era: The Cod Wars and the Modern Republic
Sources: History of Iceland from 1944 · nordics.info (Aarhus University), Iceland: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Hyperinflation and dollarisation
Inflation reached among the highest rates ever recorded, peaking in late 2008; in 2009 Zimbabwe abandoned its own currency for foreign ones such as the US dollar.
Era: Independence, Gukurahundi and the Mugabe years
Sources: Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe · Wikipedia, Zimbabwe: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Oyu Tolgoi and the mining boom
Agreement to develop the giant Oyu Tolgoi copper and gold deposit anchors a mining boom that multiplies Mongolia's income, reorients its economy from herding, and accelerates migration to Ulaanbaatar.
Era: Democratic Mongolia
Sources: History of Mongolia: Mongolia since 1990 · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mongolia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Slovakia adopts the euro
Slovakia adopted the euro on 1 January 2009, becoming the sixteenth member of the euro area and the first of the Visegrád states to do so.
Era: Independent Slovakia in Europe
Sources: Slovakia and the euro · European Commission (Economy and Finance)
Economy & Trade in the 2000s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged economy and trade — trade, currency, industry and resources, narrowed to the 2000s — 18 of them, drawn from 16 nations, running from 2000 to 2009. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 18
- Nations
- 16
- Earliest
- 2000
- Latest
- 2009
- Africa
- 7
- Europe
- 4
- North America
- 3
- Asia
- 2
- South America
- 2
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.