GreeceandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
13 SHARED EVENTSTürkiye

Entangled histories

13 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · GRC LEFT · TUR RIGHT

1. 29 May 1453

   Fall of Constantinople

   Ottoman forces under Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and clearing the way for Ottoman rule over the Greek lands.

   War & Rupture · from the Greece chronicle · Roman and Byzantine Greece · REFS 2 — Fall of Constantinople (1453), Byzantine Empire

2. 1460

   Ottoman conquest of the Morea

   The Ottomans completed their conquest of the Greek mainland with the fall of the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea, including Mystras, bringing the Greek lands under Ottoman rule.

   War & Rupture · from the Greece chronicle · Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — Greece under Ottoman rule, Ottoman conquest of the Morea

3. 25 March 1821 (traditional)

   Outbreak of the Greek War of Independence

   Revolution against Ottoman rule erupted across the Peloponnese and beyond, beginning the war that would create an independent Greek state and inspiring philhellenes across Europe.

   Independence · from the Greece chronicle · Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — War of Greek Independence, Greek Independence from the Ottoman Empire

4. 20 October 1827

   Battle of Navarino

   A combined British, French and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman-Egyptian navy at Navarino, a decisive intervention by the Great Powers that turned the war in Greece's favour.

   War & Rupture · from the Greece chronicle · Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — War of Greek Independence, Greek Independence from the Ottoman Empire

5. July 1832

   Treaty of Constantinople and the Kingdom of Greece

   The Ottoman sultan recognized Greek independence and the new state's frontiers in the Treaty of Constantinople; the Bavarian prince Otto was chosen as the first king of Greece.

   Independence · from the Greece chronicle · Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — War of Greek Independence, Otto, king of Greece

6. 13 February 1914

   The Great Powers award the eastern Aegean islands to Greece

   The Conference of London decided that Lemnos, Samothrace, Mytilene, Chios, Samos and Ikaria would be Greek and that Imbros and Tenedos would stay with the Ottoman Empire, on conditions that the islands not be fortified; Lausanne (1923) confirmed it in Article 12.

   Politics & Power · from the Greece chronicle · The Modern Greek State · REFS 2 — Treaty of Lausanne, Part I Political Clauses (Arts. 6, 12-16), The Outstanding Aegean Issues; Background Note on Aegean Dispute (Turkish position)

7. 1919–1922

   Turkish War of Independence

   Mustafa Kemal led a national resistance and a new Grand National Assembly in Ankara, defeating Greek, Armenian and French forces and ending the Allied occupation of Anatolia.

   Independence · from the Türkiye chronicle · World War I, the Armenian Genocide and the War of Independence · REFS 1 — Kemal Atatürk

8. 10 August 1920

   Treaty of Sèvres

   The Allied treaty with the defeated Ottoman government proposed partitioning Anatolia among Greece, Armenia, Italy, France and others; rejected by the nationalists, it triggered the War of Independence.

   Politics & Power · from the Türkiye chronicle · World War I, the Armenian Genocide and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — Kemal Atatürk, Ottoman Empire

9. 1919–1922

   Asia Minor Catastrophe

   The Greco-Turkish War ended in the rout of Greek forces and the destruction of Smyrna in 1922; the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne mandated a population exchange that brought over a million refugees into Greece.

   War & Rupture · from the Greece chronicle · The Modern Greek State · REFS 2 — Greece (country overview and history), 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War (Asia Minor Catastrophe)

10. 24 July 1923

    Lausanne draws the Aegean: Articles 12 to 16

    The treaty confirmed Greek sovereignty over Lemnos, Samothrace, Mytilene, Chios, Samos and Nikaria (with restrictions on fortification), kept Imbros and Tenedos Turkish, renounced the Dodecanese and Castellorizzo to Italy, and placed islands within three miles of the Anatolian coast under Turkish sovereignty.

    Politics & Power · from the Türkiye chronicle · World War I, the Armenian Genocide and the War of Independence · REFS 2 — Treaty of Lausanne, Part I Political Clauses (Arts. 6, 12-16), The Outstanding Aegean Issues; Background Note on Aegean Dispute (Turkish position)

11. 30 January 1923

    The Convention on the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations

    Signed at Lausanne: a compulsory exchange from 1 May 1923 of Greek Orthodox Turkish nationals and Muslim Greek nationals, exempting Istanbul, Western Thrace, Imbros and Tenedos. About 1.2 million Orthodox had left Anatolia and Eastern Thrace in total, most before the convention took effect; about 355,000 Muslims left Greece.

    Peoples & Migration · from the Greece chronicle · The Modern Greek State · REFS 2 — Immigration and Asylum: from 1900 to the Present (exchange figures, citing Ladas 1932 and Eddy 1931), Treaty of Lausanne, Part I Political Clauses (Arts. 6, 12-16)

12. 8 June 1995

    Turkey's parliament authorises force if Greece extends its Aegean waters

    Weeks after Greece ratified UNCLOS reserving a right to a 12 nautical mile territorial sea, the Grand National Assembly authorised the Turkish government to take any measure, including military, should Greece extend its waters beyond six nautical miles in the Aegean. Greece calls it a violation of the UN Charter; Turkey says an extension would upset the Aegean balance.

    Politics & Power · from the Greece chronicle · The Modern Greek State · REFS 2 — Issues of Greek-Turkish relations (Greek position), The Outstanding Aegean Issues; Background Note on Aegean Dispute (Turkish position)

13. 25 December 1995-31 January 1996

    The Kardak/Imia crisis

    A Turkish cargo ship ran aground on two rocks between Kalymnos and the Bodrum peninsula; Turkey and Greece each claimed sovereignty, ships and special forces were deployed, and three Greek officers died in a helicopter crash on 31 January before US mediation restored the earlier situation.

    Politics & Power · from the Türkiye chronicle · The Republic and Modern Türkiye · REFS 2 — Issues of Greek-Turkish relations (Greek position), The Outstanding Aegean Issues; Background Note on Aegean Dispute (Turkish position)