MaliandAND⤬THE JUNCTION
6 SHARED EVENTSNiger

Entangled histories

6 events in which either nation’s sourced chronicle names the other — including under earlier names of the same state. Each is the same record, with the same sources, as on its own chronicle; nothing here was written for this page.

ONE SPINE OF YEARS · TWO WALLS OF EVENTS · MLI LEFT · NER RIGHT

1. 14th century

   Timbuktu and Djenné flourish

   Under Mali's mansas the Niger cities grow into major centres of trans-Saharan trade and Islamic scholarship, attracting merchants and scholars.

   Culture & Ideas · from the Mali chronicle · The Mali Empire · REFS 2 — Timbuktu — World Heritage Centre, The Mali Empire

2. 1468

   Sonni Ali takes Timbuktu

   Sonni Ali captures Timbuktu, and in 1473 Djenné, bringing the Niger trade cities under Songhai control and laying the foundation of the empire.

   War & Rupture · from the Mali chronicle · The Songhai Empire and Its Fall · REFS 2 — The Songhai Empire (HIST103), Sonni Ali

3. April 1591

   Battle of Tondibi ends the Songhai Empire

   Moroccan forces under Judar Pasha, armed with firearms, rout the Songhai army at Tondibi near Gao, collapsing the last of the great Niger empires.

   War & Rupture · from the Mali chronicle · The Songhai Empire and Its Fall · REFS 2 — Fall of the Songhai Empire, Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire

4. c. 1712

   Bitòn Coulibaly consolidates the Bambara kingdom of Segou

   Mamari (Bitòn) Coulibaly transforms a youth society into an army, founding the centralised Bambara state of Segou on the middle Niger.

   Formation · from the Mali chronicle · Segou, the Tukulor and Samori · REFS 2 — Bamana Empire, Bamana (Ségou) Empire

5. 1861

   Umar Tal's Tukulor empire conquers Segou

   Al-Hajj Umar Tal, leading the Tijaniyya jihad begun in the 1850s, overthrows the Bambara kingdom of Segou and extends the Tukulor empire across the upper Niger.

   Religion · from the Mali chronicle · Segou, the Tukulor and Samori · REFS 2 — ʿUmar Tal — West African Tukulor Leader & Jihadist, Bamana (Ségou) Empire

6. early 20th century

   Colony of French Soudan

   The conquered upper Niger is administered as French Soudan within French West Africa, its economy reoriented toward the colonial metropole.

   Colonisation · from the Mali chronicle · French Soudan and Independence · REFS 2 — Modibo Keita — 1st President of Mali, Mali Federation