- Europe
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
The first Italian parliament in Turin proclaimed Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy, the founding act of the unified Italian state and climax of the Risorgimento.
Era: Foreign Domination and the Risorgimento
Sources: Italy Is Proclaimed a Kingdom (1861) · EBSCO Research Starters, Italy (country overview and history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
First treaty of friendship with Italy
After Italian unification, San Marino and the new Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty of friendship in 1862 confirming the republic's independence, the first of the agreements that secure its sovereignty as an enclave.
Era: Napoleon, Garibaldi and Lincoln: a Republic Among Friends
Sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty) · New World Encyclopedia, History of San Marino · Visit San Marino (official tourism site)
- Europe
Treaties of friendship with Italy
San Marino's sovereignty as an enclave is secured by treaties of friendship and good-neighbourliness with Italy first concluded in 1862 and renewed in 1939 and later, regulating relations while guaranteeing independence.
Era: The Modern Republic: the UN, Europe and the Euro
Sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty) · New World Encyclopedia, History of San Marino · Visit San Marino (official tourism site)
- Europe
Full independence
When the German Confederation dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War, Liechtenstein became a fully sovereign and independent state, its links thereafter resting on treaty and choice rather than confederation.
Era: From the Empire to Sovereignty
Sources: Liechtenstein: History (Alpine, Principality, Sovereignty) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- North America
Grito de Yara
Carlos Manuel de Cespedes frees his slaves and proclaims independence at La Demajagua, beginning the Ten Years' War against Spain.
Era: The Wars of Independence and 1898
Sources: Carlos Manuel de Cespedes · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cuba · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- North America
Grito de Lares
Rebels seize Lares and proclaim a Republic of Puerto Rico; though crushed, the uprising becomes the foundational moment of the island's independence movement.
Era: Plantation, Abolition, and the End of Spanish Rule
Sources: The Grito de Lares: The Rebellion of 1868 · Library of Congress
Independence in the 1860s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged independence — declarations, recognitions and transfers of sovereignty, narrowed to the 1860s — 6 of them, drawn from 5 nations, running from 1861 to 1868. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 6
- Nations
- 5
- Earliest
- 1861
- Latest
- 1868
- Europe
- 4
- North America
- 2
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.