- South America
The May Revolution
An open cabildo in Buenos Aires deposes the viceroy and forms the Primera Junta, the first home government, launching the war of independence.
Era: May Revolution and the Wars of Independence
Sources: May Revolution · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentina · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
First national junta
Creole leaders in Santiago form a governing junta after the fall of the Spanish king, the founding act of Chilean self-government and the national day.
Era: Independence and the Building of a Republic
Sources: History of Chile · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Cry of independence
A junta seizes power in Bogota, beginning the New Granadan independence movement amid the crisis of Spanish royal authority.
Era: Independence and Gran Colombia
Sources: History of Colombia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- North America
Grito de Dolores
Miguel Hidalgo calls for rebellion against Spanish rule, beginning the Mexican War of Independence.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Grito de Dolores · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
- South America
Junta deposes the captain general
The cabildo of Caracas removes the Spanish captain general and forms a governing junta, the opening act of the independence movement.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Venezuela: The independence movement · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Francisco de Miranda · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Independence from Spain
Paraguayan officers depose the Spanish governor at Asuncion without bloodshed, ending colonial rule; a republic is proclaimed in 1813.
Era: Independence, Dr Francia and the Lopez Dynasty
Sources: History of Paraguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Paraguay: The colonial period · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
First declaration of independence in Spanish America
A congress at Caracas declares Venezuela independent of Spain and founds the First Republic, the first such declaration in the region.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Venezuela: The independence movement · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Venezuela · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Recognition at the Congress of Vienna
The post-Napoleonic Congress of Vienna confirmed San Marino's independence, leaving the ancient republic untouched as Europe's monarchies were restored around it.
Era: Napoleon, Garibaldi and Lincoln: a Republic Among Friends
Sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty) · New World Encyclopedia
- Europe
Congress of Vienna recognises permanent neutrality
The European powers declared the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland to be in Europe's interest and guaranteed its territory; confirmed by the Treaty of Paris later that year, this made armed neutrality the foundation of Swiss policy.
Era: The Helvetic Republic, Napoleon and the Recognition of Neutrality
Sources: Neutrality · Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (aboutswitzerland.eda.admin.ch), League of Nations recognizes perpetual Swiss neutrality (Congress of Vienna, 1815) · HISTORY (A&E Television Networks)
- South America
Artigas and the Federal League
Jose Gervasio Artigas leads the Orientals against Spain and builds a federal league of provinces, championing autonomy against Buenos Aires across the Banda Oriental and beyond.
Era: Artigas, the Thirty-Three, and Independence
Sources: Jose Gervasio Artigas · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uruguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Declaration of Independence at Tucuman
The Congress of Tucuman declares independence from Spain as the United Provinces of South America, signed by twenty-nine delegates under the presidency of Laprida.
Era: May Revolution and the Wars of Independence
Sources: Congress of Tucuman · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentine Declaration of Independence · Wikipedia
- Asia
Treaty of Sugauli
Nepal cedes the Tarai and western conquests and admits a British resident, but keeps its independence and monarchy — never becoming a colony.
Era: Gorkha Unification and the British War
Sources: Treaty of Sagauli (Sugauli), 1816 · Encyclopædia Britannica, Anglo-Nepalese War · Encyclopædia Britannica
- South America
Death of Francisco de Miranda
The 'Precursor' of independence, handed to the Spanish after the fall of the First Republic, dies a prisoner in a fortress at Cadiz.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Francisco de Miranda · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
The Battle of Maipu
Patriot forces under San Martin, with O'Higgins, crush the Spanish royalists near Santiago, sealing Chilean independence on the mainland weeks after its formal declaration.
Era: Independence and the Building of a Republic
Sources: Battle of Maipu · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Bernardo O'Higgins · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Battle of Boyaca
Bolivar and Santander rout the royalist army at the Boyaca bridge, securing the liberation of New Granada and opening the road to Bogota.
Era: Independence and Gran Colombia
Sources: Battle of Boyaca · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Simon Bolivar · Encyclopaedia Britannica
Independence in the 1810s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged independence — declarations, recognitions and transfers of sovereignty, narrowed to the 1810s — 16 of them, drawn from 11 nations, running from 1810 to 1819. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 16
- Nations
- 11
- Earliest
- 1810
- Latest
- 1819
- South America
- 11
- Europe
- 3
- Asia
- 1
- North America
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.