- — South America:
The May Revolution
An open cabildo in Buenos Aires deposes the viceroy and forms the Primera Junta, the first home government, launching the war of independence.
Era: May Revolution and the Wars of Independence
Sources: May Revolution · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentina · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
First national junta
Creole leaders in Santiago form a governing junta after the fall of the Spanish king, the founding act of Chilean self-government and the national day.
Era: Independence and the Building of a Republic
Sources: History of Chile · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Cry of independence
A junta seizes power in Bogota, beginning the New Granadan independence movement amid the crisis of Spanish royal authority.
Era: Independence and Gran Colombia
Sources: History of Colombia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — North America:
Grito de Dolores
Miguel Hidalgo calls for rebellion against Spanish rule, beginning the Mexican War of Independence.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Grito de Dolores · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — Europe:
- — South America:
Junta deposes the captain general
The cabildo of Caracas removes the Spanish captain general and forms a governing junta, the opening act of the independence movement.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Venezuela: The independence movement · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Francisco de Miranda · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Independence from Spain
Paraguayan officers depose the Spanish governor at Asuncion without bloodshed, ending colonial rule; a republic is proclaimed in 1813.
Era: Independence, Dr Francia and the Lopez Dynasty
Sources: History of Paraguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Paraguay: The colonial period · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
First declaration of independence in Spanish America
A congress at Caracas declares Venezuela independent of Spain and founds the First Republic, the first such declaration in the region.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Venezuela: The independence movement · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Venezuela · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — Europe:
Recognition at the Congress of Vienna
The post-Napoleonic Congress of Vienna confirmed San Marino's independence, leaving the ancient republic untouched as Europe's monarchies were restored around it.
Era: Napoleon, Garibaldi and Lincoln: a Republic Among Friends
Sources: San Marino (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, 1862 treaty) · New World Encyclopedia
- — Europe:
Congress of Vienna recognises permanent neutrality
The European powers declared the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland to be in Europe's interest and guaranteed its territory; confirmed by the Treaty of Paris later that year, this made armed neutrality the foundation of Swiss policy.
Era: The Helvetic Republic, Napoleon and the Recognition of Neutrality
Sources: Neutrality · Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (aboutswitzerland.eda.admin.ch), League of Nations recognizes perpetual Swiss neutrality (Congress of Vienna, 1815) · HISTORY (A&E Television Networks)
- — South America:
Artigas and the Federal League
Jose Gervasio Artigas leads the Orientals against Spain and builds a federal league of provinces, championing autonomy against Buenos Aires across the Banda Oriental and beyond.
Era: Artigas, the Thirty-Three, and Independence
Sources: Jose Gervasio Artigas · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uruguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Declaration of Independence at Tucuman
The Congress of Tucuman declares independence from Spain as the United Provinces of South America, signed by twenty-nine delegates under the presidency of Laprida.
Era: May Revolution and the Wars of Independence
Sources: Congress of Tucuman · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentine Declaration of Independence · Wikipedia
- — Asia:
Treaty of Sugauli
Nepal cedes the Tarai and western conquests and admits a British resident, but keeps its independence and monarchy — never becoming a colony.
Era: Gorkha Unification and the British War
Sources: Treaty of Sagauli (Sugauli), 1816 · Encyclopædia Britannica, Anglo-Nepalese War · Encyclopædia Britannica
- — South America:
Death of Francisco de Miranda
The 'Precursor' of independence, handed to the Spanish after the fall of the First Republic, dies a prisoner in a fortress at Cadiz.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Francisco de Miranda · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
The Battle of Maipu
Patriot forces under San Martin, with O'Higgins, crush the Spanish royalists near Santiago, sealing Chilean independence on the mainland weeks after its formal declaration.
Era: Independence and the Building of a Republic
Sources: Battle of Maipu · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Bernardo O'Higgins · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Battle of Boyaca
Bolivar and Santander rout the royalist army at the Boyaca bridge, securing the liberation of New Granada and opening the road to Bogota.
Era: Independence and Gran Colombia
Sources: Battle of Boyaca · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Simon Bolivar · Encyclopaedia Britannica
Independence in the 1810s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged independence — declarations, recognitions and transfers of sovereignty, narrowed to the 1810s — 16 of them, drawn from 11 nations, running from 1810 to 1819. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 16
- Nations
- 11
- Earliest
- 1810
- Latest
- 1819
- South America
- 11
- Europe
- 3
- Asia
- 1
- North America
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.