IndependenceThe 1870s

Independence in the 1870s

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged independence — declarations, recognitions and transfers of sovereignty, narrowed to the 1870s — 6 of them, drawn from 5 nations, running from 1870 to 1878. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
6
Nations
5
Earliest
1870
Latest
1878

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. Europe

    Italy

    Capture of Rome

    Italian troops breached the Aurelian Walls at Porta Pia and took Rome from the Papal States; after a plebiscite, Rome became Italy's capital, completing unification.

    Era: Foreign Domination and the Risorgimento

    Sources: Italy: The acquisition of Venetia and Rome · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Italy (country overview and history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. Europe

    Bulgaria

    Russo-Turkish War and liberation

    Russia's war against the Ottoman Empire ended Ottoman rule over Bulgaria; the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878 restored a Bulgarian state, a date Bulgarians commemorate as Liberation Day.

    Era: Ottoman Rule and the National Revival

    Sources: Treaty of San Stefano · Encyclopaedia Britannica, San Stefano, Treaty of (1878) · Encyclopedia.com, History of Bulgaria · Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bulgaria

  3. Europe

    Bulgaria

    Treaty of San Stefano creates 'Greater Bulgaria'

    The Russo-Ottoman treaty created a large autonomous Bulgarian principality reaching from the Danube to the Aegean and embracing most of Macedonia, an expansive state soon known as Greater Bulgaria.

    Era: San Stefano, Berlin and the Making of Modern Bulgaria

    Sources: Treaty of San Stefano · Encyclopaedia Britannica, San Stefano, Treaty of (1878) · Encyclopedia.com, Bulgaria: Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  4. Europe

    Montenegro

    Independence recognised at the Congress of Berlin

    The Treaty of Berlin recognised Montenegro's independence under Article XXVI, ending Ottoman suzerainty, and under Article XXIX enlarged the state and granted it the port of Antivari (Bar).

    Era: Secular Principality, the Congress of Berlin and the Kingdom

    Sources: Treaty of Berlin (1878), Articles XXVI-XXXIII on Montenegro · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian (FRUS 1878), Congress of Berlin and recognition of Montenegro, 1878 · Encyclopaedia Britannica (Students), Montenegro: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  5. Europe

    Romania

    Independence recognised at the Congress of Berlin

    After fighting in the Russo-Turkish War, Romania's full independence was recognised by the great powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, though it ceded southern Bessarabia to Russia.

    Era: Union, independence and the Kingdom of Romania

    Sources: Carol I · Encyclopedia.com, 24 January 1859: A Glimpse on the Union of Romanian Principalities · AGERPRES / ACT Media

  6. Europe

    Serbia

    Independence recognised at the Congress of Berlin

    The Treaty of Berlin confirmed Serbia's full independence in international law and enlarged the principality, which became the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882.

    Era: The Serbian Revolution and the Road to Independence

    Sources: Serbia: The disintegration of Ottoman rule · Encyclopaedia Britannica, A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country: Serbia · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian