ReligionThe 13th century

Religion in the 13th century

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged religion — faiths, institutions and religious change, narrowed to the 13th century — 9 of them, drawn from 9 nations, running from 1200 to 1297. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
9
Nations
9
Earliest
1200
Latest
1297
Europe
5
Asia
3
Africa
1

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. Asia

    Bhutan

    Drukpa Kagyu tradition takes root

    The Drukpa ('Dragon') Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism spreads into the southern valleys and becomes the dominant religious tradition, lending Bhutan its name Druk Yul, the Land of the Thunder Dragon.

    Era: Buddhism and the Valleys of the Thunder Dragon

    Sources: Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies · Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Bhutan — History · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. Africa

    Ethiopia

    Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela carved

    King Lalibela commissions eleven monolithic churches cut from the rock to form a symbolic 'New Jerusalem', among the wonders of medieval Christian architecture.

    Era: The Zagwe Kings, Lalibela and the Solomonic Restoration

    Sources: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela — World Heritage Centre · UNESCO, Zagwe dynasty · Wikipedia

  3. Europe

    Estonia

    Foundation of the Brothers of the Sword

    Bishop Albert of Riga established the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the military order that, with the Teutonic Knights and the Danes, drove the Northern Crusades into Estonia.

    Era: The Ancient Estonians and the Northern Crusades

    Sources: Northern Crusades · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Livonian Crusades: Christianization of Estonia · History Maps

  4. Europe

    Latvia

    Order of the Brothers of the Sword founded

    With papal sanction Bishop Albert established the Order of the Brothers of the Sword to subjugate and convert the Baltic tribes, launching decades of crusading warfare in Livonia.

    Era: Baltic Tribes, the Northern Crusades and Terra Mariana

    Sources: Latvia: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Latvia · Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia

  5. Europe

    Serbia

    Autocephaly of the Serbian Orthodox Church

    Saint Sava obtained from the patriarch at Nicaea the status of autocephalous archbishop, founding an independent Serbian church that bound religious and royal authority together.

    Era: The Medieval Serbian State under the Nemanjić Dynasty

    Sources: Saint Sava · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  6. Europe

    Belgium

    Foundation of the beguinages

    Communities of beguines, women living a religious life without taking monastic vows, established enclosed beguinages in the Flemish towns; thirteen survive as a UNESCO World Heritage site bearing witness to this medieval tradition.

    Era: The Medieval Low Countries: Flanders, Brabant and the Cloth Towns

    Sources: Flemish Béguinages · UNESCO World Heritage Centre

  7. Europe

    Finland

    Turku and the Christianization of Finland

    Carried by the Swedish crusades, Latin Christianity spread through Finland; Turku (Abo), founded in the thirteenth century, became the principal town and episcopal seat of the eastern realm.

    Era: The Finnic Peoples and Six Centuries as Part of Sweden

    Sources: Finland: Finland under Swedish rule · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Main outlines of Finnish history · thisisFINLAND (Finland Promotion Board)

  8. Asia

    South Korea

    Tripitaka Koreana completed

    Goryeo Buddhists carve the entire Buddhist canon onto more than 80,000 woodblocks as a prayer for deliverance from the Mongols, a printing landmark preserved at Haeinsa.

    Era: Unified Silla and Goryeo

    Sources: Koryo (Goryeo) dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks · UNESCO World Heritage Centre

  9. Asia

    Indonesia

    Islam takes root in northern Sumatra

    The early Muslim sultanate of Samudera Pasai in northern Sumatra marks the establishment of Islam in the archipelago, spread by traders along the maritime routes.

    Era: The Spread of Islam and the Spice-Trade Sultanates

    Sources: History of Indonesia (Islamic influence; Dutch rule) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Spread of Islam in Indonesia · Wikipedia