Religion

The Hal Saflieni Hypogeum · Malta

Composition of the Rigveda · India

Tutankhamun restores the old gods · Egypt

The sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos · Cyprus

Rise of Chavin de Huantar · Peru

Great Temple of Yeha built · Ethiopia

Birth of the Buddha at Lumbini · Nepal

Rise of the Buddha and Mahavira · India

Ashoka's conquest of Kalinga and conversion · India

Buddhism introduced under Devanampiya Tissa · Sri Lanka

Ashoka's pillar at Lumbini · Nepal

Paul and Barnabas convert the proconsul · Cyprus

The shipwreck of the Apostle Paul · Malta

Martyrdom of Saint Peter · Vatican City

The Trophy of Gaius marks the grave · Vatican City

Buddhism takes root · Myanmar

Zoroastrianism as state religion · Iran

Armenia adopts Christianity · Armenia

Mother Cathedral of Echmiatsin · Armenia

Caucasian Albania adopts Christianity · Azerbaijan

Edict of Milan and the rise of Christianity · Italy

A Christian holy land · Palestine

King Ezana adopts Christianity · Ethiopia

Constantine builds Old St Peter's Basilica · Vatican City

Iberia adopts Christianity · Georgia

Saint Maron and the Maronite origins · Lebanon

An autocephalous Church · Cyprus

Palladius sent to the Irish · Ireland

The mission of St Patrick · Ireland

Council of Chalcedon and the Coptic schism · Egypt

Christian Byzantium and the mosaics of Um er-Rasas · Jordan

Baptism of Clovis I · France

The sacred landscape of Vat Phou · Laos

Justinian completes the Hagia Sophia · Türkiye

Introduction of Buddhism · Japan

The Bamiyan Buddhas carved · Afghanistan

Early Christian Butrint · Albania

Nubia converts to Christianity · Sudan

Columba founds Iona · Ireland

Birth of Muhammad in Mecca · Saudi Arabia

The first revelations · Saudi Arabia

The Hijra to Medina · Saudi Arabia

Yemen embraces Islam · Yemen

Oman accepts Islam · Oman

The submission of Mecca · Saudi Arabia

Islam reaches the lower Gulf coast · United Arab Emirates

Death of Muhammad · Saudi Arabia

Arab conquest and the coming of Islam · Afghanistan

First Buddhist temples founded · Bhutan

Islam takes root on the Gulf of Aden coast · Somaliland

Muhammad ibn Qasim conquers Sindh · Pakistan

Arab conquest of Bukhara and Samarkand · Uzbekistan

The Great Mosque of Damascus · Syria

Guru Rinpoche brings Buddhism to Bhutan · Bhutan

The first Ibadi imamate · Oman

Ibadism becomes Oman's defining school · Oman

Christianity and Carolingian order · Andorra

Imam al-Bukhari and the Sahih · Uzbekistan

Ansgar's mission and the first Christian congregation · Sweden

Islam reaches the Senegal River · Senegal

Foundation of the Qarawiyyin · Morocco

Mission of Cyril and Methodius to Great Moravia · Czechia

Mission of Cyril and Methodius · Slovakia

Christianization under Boris I · Bulgaria

Zeila a centre of Islam and trade · Djibouti

Islam established on the Somali coast · Somalia

Fatimid Caliphate · Tunisia

Martyrdom of Saint Wenceslas · Czechia

Christianization of the Danes · Denmark

The Baptism of Poland · Poland

Christianization of the Rus lands · Belarus

Vladimir the Great adopts Orthodox Christianity · Russia

The Althing adopts Christianity · Iceland

Congress of Gniezno · Poland

Christianization advances under royal patronage · Sweden

The Archbishopric of Ohrid · North Macedonia

Moster assembly and Christian law · Norway

Battle of Stiklestad and the death of St Olaf · Norway

War Jabi adopts Islamic law in Takrur · Senegal

Saint-Sophia Cathedral begun in Kyiv · Ukraine

Islam takes root · Comoros

Suryavarman II and Angkor Wat · Cambodia

Jayavarman VII rebuilds Angkor Thom and the Bayon · Cambodia

Foundation of Studenica Monastery · Serbia

Drukpa Kagyu tradition takes root · Bhutan

Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela carved · Ethiopia

Foundation of the Brothers of the Sword · Estonia

Order of the Brothers of the Sword founded · Latvia

Autocephaly of the Serbian Orthodox Church · Serbia

Foundation of the beguinages · Belgium

Turku and the Christianization of Finland · Finland

Tripitaka Koreana completed · South Korea

The Avignon papacy · Vatican City

Gracanica and Visoki Decani built · Kosovo

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca · Mali

Ibn Battuta visits Mombasa · Kenya

Ibn Battuta visits Kilwa · Tanzania

Patriarchate of Peć · Serbia

Theravada Buddhism established · Laos

Conversion to Islam and the first sultan · Brunei

Jan Hus preaches at the Bethlehem Chapel · Czechia

Malacca, Islam and ties with Ming China · Malaysia

Jan Hus burned at the Council of Constance · Czechia

Compact of Iglau · Czechia

Founding of the Sultanate of Sulu · Philippines

Rise of the Demak Sultanate on Java · Indonesia

Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition · Spain

Albania within the Ottoman Empire · Albania

The El Dorado tradition · Colombia

Ismail I and the Safavid empire · Azerbaijan

Ismail I founds the Safavid dynasty and Shia Iran · Iran

Fall of Alodia · Sudan

Islam consolidates in Maguindanao · Philippines

Rise of the theocratic Prince-Bishopric · Montenegro

Luther's Ninety-five Theses · Germany

Zwingli's Reformation in Zürich · Switzerland

Jesuit missions among the Guarani · Argentina

The Jesuit reducciones · Paraguay

Defenestration of Prague · Czechia

Pilgrims found Plymouth · United States

Founding of the Wadai Sultanate · Chad

Zanabazar enthroned as first Javzandamba · Mongolia

Badshahi Mosque built at Lahore · Pakistan

Okomfo Anokye and the Golden Stool · Ghana

Fulani jihad founds the Imamate of Futa Jallon · Guinea

Expulsion of the Jesuits · Paraguay

Sokoto jihad reshapes the Hausa lands · Niger

Usman dan Fodio launches his jihad · Nigeria

Modibo Adama founds the Adamawa Emirate · Cameroon

First Christian mission · New Zealand

London Missionary Society arrives · Botswana

Radama I, Britain and the missionaries · Madagascar

Paris missionaries arrive · Lesotho

Ranavalona I bans Christianity · Madagascar

Founding of the Senussi order · Libya

Suppression of the Uniate Church and Russification · Belarus

Missionaries arrive; Williams killed at Erromango · Vanuatu

Sandalwood traders and missionaries arrive · New Caledonia

Swahili-Arab traders reach Buganda · Uganda

Livingstone founds Kolobeng · Botswana

Cakobau converts to Christianity · Fiji

Umar Tal's Tukulor empire conquers Segou · Mali

Creation of the Bulgarian Exarchate · Bulgaria

Killing of Bishop Patteson · Solomon Islands

Pius IX, 'prisoner in the Vatican' · Vatican City

Scottish missions founded at Livingstonia and Blantyre · Malawi

Anglican missionaries arrive · Uganda

Catholic White Fathers arrive · Uganda

Muhammad Ahmad proclaims himself the Mahdi · Sudan

Amadou Bamba founds the Mourides · Senegal

Islam proclaimed state religion; Samori takes the title almami · Guinea

Killing of the Uganda Martyrs · Uganda

Martyrdom of Charles Lwanga · Uganda

Schweitzer founds the Lambaréné hospital · Gabon

Abolition of the caliphate · Türkiye

Birth of Rastafari · Jamaica

Rise of the John Frum movement · Vanuatu

The Second Vatican Council · Vatican City

Albania declared an atheist state · Albania

Murder of Archbishop Luwum · Uganda

Basilica of Our Lady of Peace consecrated · Ivory Coast

Lumbini inscribed as World Heritage · Nepal

The Saffron Revolution · Myanmar

Sulaiman-Too inscribed by UNESCO · Kyrgyzstan

Sharia penal code phased in · Brunei