Who supplies the world

Rare earths

Rare-earth oxide equivalent mined. Mining is only the first step; separation and refining are concentrated more narrowly still. The latest year is an estimate.

Figures are mine production — the MCS statistics row “Mine production” — as published by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. They measure what left mines in each calendar year: not reserves in the ground, and not refined or smelted output, which for several of these commodities is concentrated in different hands. 2025 is the USGS estimate; 2024 is the reported figure.

World total · 2025 est.
390 kt
World total · 2024
380 kt
Producers listed
12
Top three · 2025 est.
90%

The three largest producers — China, United States and Australia — account for 90% of the 2025 world estimate of 390 kt.

Share of world production

Each bar is that nation’s share of the published world total for the 2025 estimate. Shares are computed against the world total itself, never against the sum of the producers listed.

  1. 1🇨🇳China

    2024: 270 kt · 71%2025 est.: 270 kt · 69%

  2. 2🇺🇸United States

    2024: 45.5 kt · 12%2025 est.: 51.0 kt · 13%

  3. 3🇦🇺Australia

    2024: 29.0 kt · 7.6%2025 est.: 29.0 kt · 7.4%

  4. 4🇲🇲Myanmar

    2024: 27.0 kt · 7.1%2025 est.: 22.0 kt · 5.6%

  5. 5🇹🇭Thailand

    2024: 2,100 t · 0.55%2025 est.: 4,800 t · 1.2%

  6. 6🇮🇳India

    2024: 2,900 t · 0.76%2025 est.: 2,900 t · 0.74%

  7. 7🇲🇬Madagascar

    2024: 1,400 t · 0.37%2025 est.: 2,700 t · 0.69%

  8. 8🇷🇺Russia

    2024: 2,600 t · 0.68%2025 est.: 2,600 t · 0.67%

  9. 9🇧🇷Brazil

    2024: 560 t · 0.15%2025 est.: 2,000 t · 0.51%

  10. 10🇳🇬Nigeria

    2024: 1,500 t · 0.39%2025 est.: 1,500 t · 0.38%

  11. 11🇻🇳Vietnam

    2024: 300 t · 0.08%2025 est.: 150 t · 0.04%

  12. 12🇲🇾Malaysia

    2024: 140 t · 0.04%2025 est.: 110 t · 0.03%

Rest of world

2024: below the table's rounding2025 est.: 1,240 t · 0.32%