- Africa
Mandinka kingdoms of the river
Mandinka warriors and traders founded small states along both banks of the Gambia, including Niumi (Barra), Niani and Wuli, which controlled river trade and important inland routes.
Era: The Mali Empire and the Mandinka kingdoms
Sources: History of the Gambia · Wikipedia, Kingdom of Niumi · Wikipedia, The Gambia (country overview and history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
The Ajuran Sultanate
The Ajuran empire dominates southern Somalia and the Horn, controlling the Shabelle and Jubba river systems, building wells and fortifications and resisting Oromo and Portuguese incursions before fragmenting in the late 17th century.
Era: The Ajuran, Geledi and Majeerteen Sultanates
Sources: The Sultanates of Somalia · Lumen Learning, Early World Civilizations, History of Somalia · Wikipedia
- Europe
End of the Premyslid dynasty
The murder of Wenceslas III extinguished the male line of the Premyslids; after a brief contest the Bohemian crown passed to the House of Luxembourg, the dynasty of Charles IV.
Era: The Golden Age of Bohemia under Charles IV
Sources: Czechoslovak history · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Henry of Luxembourg elected King of the Romans
Count Henry, head of the House of Luxembourg, was elected King of the Romans, opening the dynasty's rise to the imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire.
Era: Siegfried's Rock and the County of Luxembourg
Sources: The history of the Nassau dynasty · Cour grand-ducale (Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg), History of the city of Luxembourg · Luxembourg City Tourist Office
- Europe
John the Blind becomes King of Bohemia
John of Luxembourg, son of Henry VII, became king of Bohemia in 1310 and count of Luxembourg in 1313, a renowned warrior-prince later celebrated as a national hero of Luxembourg.
Era: The House of Luxembourg and the Imperial Duchy
Sources: The history of the Nassau dynasty · Cour grand-ducale (Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg), History of the city of Luxembourg · Luxembourg City Tourist Office
- Europe
Reign of Gediminas and the Gediminid dynasty
Gediminas consolidated the grand duchy, founded the dynasty that bears his name and began the expansion that carried Lithuanian power deep into the lands of the former Kievan Rus.
Era: The Pagan Kingdom and the Rise of the Grand Duchy
Sources: Gediminas · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Grand Duchy of Lithuania · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Decline of Makuria
Under Mamluk pressure and Arab settlement, the Christian kingdom of Makuria fragments and its capital at Dongola is lost.
Era: The Christian Kingdoms of Nubia
Sources: Nubia (Christian kingdoms: Nobatia, Makuria, Alodia) · Wikipedia
- Europe
Stjepan Kotromanić expands Bosnia
Ban Stjepan Kotromanić of the Kotromanić dynasty enlarged Bosnia southward, incorporating the principality of Hum, the territory later known as Herzegovina.
Era: Medieval Bosnia: Banate, Kingdom and the Bosnian Church
Sources: Kotromanić dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Bosnia and Herzegovina: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Treaty of Noteborg
The peace of Noteborg fixed an approximate frontier between the Swedish and Russian spheres in Karelia, assigning Finland to Sweden's orbit and splitting the Karelians between Catholic west and Orthodox east.
Era: The Finnic Peoples and Six Centuries as Part of Sweden
Sources: Main outlines of Finnish history · thisisFINLAND (Finland Promotion Board), Finland: Finland under Swedish rule · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Reign of Casimir III the Great
The last Piast king reformed the law, founded the University of Krakow in 1364, expanded the kingdom and welcomed Jewish settlers, leaving Poland prosperous and consolidated.
Era: The Piast and Jagiellonian Kingdom
Sources: Casimir III the Great · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Poland: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Guelowar dynasty in Sine and Saloum
The Gelwaar lineage establishes matrilineal monarchy over the Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum, ruling under the title Maad.
Era: The Jolof Empire and Its Successor Kingdoms
Sources: Guelowar dynasty · Wikipedia
- Europe
Habsburgs acquire Carniola and Carinthia
Carinthia and Carniola passed to the Habsburg dynasty, which already held Styria, bringing nearly all the Slovene lands under the rule that would last about six centuries.
Era: The Habsburg Duchies and the Birth of Written Slovene
Sources: Slovenia: The Middle Ages · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Slovenia · Government of Slovenia (gov.si)
- Asia
Ashikaga Takauji founds the Muromachi shogunate
Takauji establishes the second shogunate, ruling from Kyoto's Muromachi district and presiding over a brilliant if unstable cultural era.
Era: Kamakura and Muromachi: The Age of the Shogun
Sources: Muromachi period · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Rus' lands pass to Lithuania and Poland
Following the collapse of Galicia-Volhynia, most of the former Rus' lands were absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, while Galicia in the west passed to the Kingdom of Poland.
Era: Between Lithuania, Poland and the Steppe
Sources: History of Ukraine · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
- Europe
Imperial coronation of Stefan Dušan
Having expanded the realm across the southern Balkans, Stefan Dušan was crowned 'Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks' and raised the church of Peć to a patriarchate, the high point of medieval Serbia.
Era: The Medieval Serbian State under the Nemanjić Dynasty
Sources: Stefan Dušan · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nemanjić Dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Majapahit's golden age under Hayam Wuruk
Under King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister Gajah Mada, Majapahit reaches its height, projecting power and trade across much of the archipelago.
Era: Early Peoples and the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms: Srivijaya and Majapahit
Sources: Majapahit empire · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Luxembourg raised to a duchy
Emperor Charles IV of the House of Luxembourg elevated the County of Luxembourg to the rank of a duchy, entrusting it to his half-brother Wenceslaus as its first duke.
Era: The House of Luxembourg and the Imperial Duchy
Sources: History of the city of Luxembourg · Luxembourg City Tourist Office, The history of the Nassau dynasty · Cour grand-ducale (Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg)
- Europe
Charles IV crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Already king of Bohemia, Charles was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome in 1355, making Prague the principal residence of the Empire and the centre of European politics and culture.
Era: The Golden Age of Bohemia under Charles IV
Sources: Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
- Europe
Death of Dušan and the empire's collapse
The death of Stefan Dušan in 1355 led to the rapid disintegration of the Serbian Empire into rival principalities, leaving the Balkans divided as the Ottomans advanced.
Era: The Battle of Kosovo and the Ottoman Conquest
Sources: Stefan Dušan · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Serbia: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Carniola raised to a duchy
Carniola was elevated to the status of a duchy, consolidating the core territorial unit of the Slovene lands, with Ljubljana as its principal city.
Era: The Habsburg Duchies and the Birth of Written Slovene
Sources: Slovenia: The Middle Ages · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ljubljana · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
- Europe
Flanders passes to Burgundy
On the death of the last count, the County of Flanders was inherited by Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, beginning the gathering of the Low Countries under a single dynasty.
Era: The Medieval Low Countries: Flanders, Brabant and the Cloth Towns
Sources: Belgium: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Union of Krewo
Grand Duke Jogaila agreed to marry Queen Jadwiga of Poland, convert to Christianity and unite the two realms; baptised as Wladyslaw II Jagiello, he founded the Jagiellonian dynasty.
Era: Union with Poland, Christianization and the Age of Vytautas
Sources: Grand Duchy of Lithuania · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Union of Lublin · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Union of Krewo and the Jagiellonian dynasty
The agreement at Krewo arranged the marriage of Queen Jadwiga to Jogaila of Lithuania, who was baptised as Wladyslaw II Jagiello, joining Poland and Lithuania under a new dynasty.
Era: The Piast and Jagiellonian Kingdom
Sources: Poland: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Union of Lublin · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The rule of Margaret I
Margaret I governed Denmark, Norway and Sweden as their effective ruler from the late 1380s until her death in 1412, the architect and guarantor of the Kalmar Union.
Era: The Medieval Kingdom and the Kalmar Union
Sources: Margaret I, queen of Scandinavia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Denmark: Margaret I and the Kalmar Union · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Belarusian lands within the Grand Duchy
Over the 150 years after the Mongol invasion the Grand Duchy of Lithuania expanded to absorb the Belarusian lands, whose Ruthenian (Old Belarusian) tongue became the chancery language of the state.
Era: Heart of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Sources: Grand Duchy of Lithuania · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Belarus · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Reign of Vytautas the Great
Vytautas consolidated the Grand Duchy and extended its borders to the Black Sea, making Lithuania one of the largest states in Europe at the height of its power.
Era: Union with Poland, Christianization and the Age of Vytautas
Sources: Vytautas the Great · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Grand Duchy of Lithuania · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Fall of Goryeo
Weakened by factionalism and Mongol decline, Goryeo is overthrown by the general Yi Seong-gye, who founds the Joseon dynasty.
Era: Unified Silla and Goryeo
Sources: Joseon dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Korea (history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Self-government within divided lordship
Because neither co-prince could rule alone, Andorrans gained latitude to govern their own valleys, developing assemblies of the parishes that prefigured a national council.
Era: The Paréage of 1278 and the Making of the Co-Principality
Sources: Andorra: History, Facts & Points of Interest · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Six centuries of the Consell General · La Casa de la Vall (Consell General d'Andorra)
- Europe
Nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule
Bulgaria was governed for almost five hundred years as an Ottoman province, its medieval state destroyed but its language and identity preserved chiefly through the Orthodox Church and its monasteries.
Era: Ottoman Rule and the National Revival
Sources: Bulgaria: Ottoman rule, National Revival and the end of the 19th century · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Bulgaria · Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bulgaria
- Europe
The Kalmar Union
Under Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Denmark, Norway and Sweden were united in the Kalmar Union, with Erik of Pomerania crowned common king; Norway became the weakest of the three partners.
Era: The Black Death, the Kalmar Union and the Danish Centuries
Sources: Kalmarunionen · Store norske leksikon
- Europe
Formation of the Kalmar Union
Queen Margaret united Denmark, Norway and Sweden under one monarch, her grandnephew Erik of Pomerania, creating a Scandinavian union intended to resist German power but soon dominated by Denmark.
Era: The Kalmar Union, the Bloodbath and the War of Liberation
Sources: Kalmar Union · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Queen Margaret and the Union of Kalmar · Swedish History Museum (Historiska museet)
Politics & PowerThe 14th century
Politics & Power in the 14th century
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged politics and power — dynasties, constitutions, revolutions and changes of regime, narrowed to the 14th century — 34 of them, drawn from 25 nations, running from 1300 to 1397. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 34
- Nations
- 25
- Earliest
- 1300
- Latest
- 1397
- Europe
- 26
- Africa
- 4
- Asia
- 4
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.