- — South America:
- — South America:
Buenos Aires proclaims sovereignty
Having declared independence from Spain in 1816, the Buenos Aires government proclaimed its sovereignty over the islands, the basis of Argentina's later claim.
Era: Buenos Aires, Vernet, and 1833
Sources: Falkland Islands — History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, The South Atlantic Crisis, 1982 (Conflict over the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas) · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
- — Asia:
The General Treaty of Peace
The coastal sheikhs signed the General Treaty of Peace with Britain, limiting maritime aggression and initiating the series of agreements that established British paramountcy over the future emirates.
Era: The Qawasim and the Making of the Trucial States
Sources: History of the United Arab Emirates · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Qasimi dynasty: Family, Origins, and Piracy Claims · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — Asia:
Reign of Minh Mang
Emperor Minh Mang consolidates the Confucian state, completes administrative reforms, and intensifies suspicion of European traders and Catholic missionaries.
Era: The Nguyen Dynasty and Expansion South
Sources: Nguyen dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Congress of Cucuta
The republic of Gran Colombia is formally organised, uniting New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador under Bolivar's presidency.
Era: Independence and Gran Colombia
Sources: Gran Colombia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — North America:
Boyer unifies Hispaniola
After Santo Domingo declares independence, Haitian forces move east and govern the whole island — a republic of former slaves administering the oldest European colony in the Americas.
Era: Kingdom, Republic, and the Indemnity
Sources: Haiti country profile · BBC News
- — North America:
Haitian unification of the island
President Jean-Pierre Boyer occupies the east and unifies all Hispaniola under Haiti for twenty-two years, abolishing slavery but alienating much of the Dominican population.
Era: Haitian Rule and Dominican Independence
Sources: History of the Dominican Republic · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Union with Gran Colombia
Liberated Quito joins Simon Bolivar's Republic of Gran Colombia alongside Venezuela and New Granada until the union breaks apart.
Era: The Light of America: Independence and the Republic
Sources: Gran Colombia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Simon Bolivar · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — North America:
Iturbide made emperor
The day after his troops march through Mexico City in his support, congress names Iturbide constitutional emperor of Mexico, as Agustin I.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Mexico: A Country Study (Iturbide and the Plan of Iguala; Empire and Early Republic) · Library of Congress, Federal Research Division
- — South America:
A capital inland, and a name
In the Constituent Assembly of the Empire, Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva proposes moving the capital from the coast to the interior and suggests a name for the new city: Brasilia.
Era: Independence and the Empire of Brazil
Sources: Do quadrilatero Cruls ao patrimonio historico e cultural da humanidade (50 anos de Brasilia) · Senado Federal do Brasil
- — North America:
Federal Republic of Central America
After a brief Mexican annexation, Honduras joins the United Provinces of Central America under a federal constitution adopted in 1824.
Era: Independence, Federation, and Morazán
Sources: A Guide to the History of Recognition: Honduras · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, United Provinces of Central America · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — North America:
Iturbide abdicates
Faced with the revolt of Santa Anna and other generals under the Plan of Casa Mata, Iturbide abdicates the throne.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Mexico: A Country Study (Iturbide and the Plan of Iguala; Empire and Early Republic) · Library of Congress, Federal Research Division
- — North America:
Juan Mora Fernandez, first head of state
Costa Rica's first elected head of state founds schools and courts and promotes coffee planting through free land grants.
Era: Independence and a Coffee Republic
Sources: Mora Fernandez, Juan (1784-1854) · Encyclopedia.com (Dictionary of Latin American History)
- — North America:
Federal Republic of Central America
The provinces adopt the constitution of the Federal Republic of Central America, a union of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica in which the Salvadoran Francisco Morazan becomes a leading figure.
Era: Independence and the Coffee Republic
Sources: United Provinces of Central America · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Central American Federation · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
- — North America:
First federal republic
The Constitution of 1824 founds the United Mexican States as a federal republic, with Guadalupe Victoria as first president.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Winning Independence · Lumen Learning, SUNY World History
- — Asia:
Kyrgyz under the Khanate of Kokand
The Khanate of Kokand extended its rule over the Kyrgyz tribes, building the fortress of Pishpek (later Bishkek) to control the Chüy valley and recruiting Kyrgyz fighters, though its rule was widely resisted.
Era: The Khanate of Kokand and the Russian Conquest
Sources: Khanate of Kokand · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Kyrgyzstan: A Country Study (in Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan: Country Studies) · U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division
- — Africa:
The "fly-whisk" incident
A dispute over French debts ends with the dey of Algiers striking the French consul with a fly-whisk, a slight France later uses as a pretext for invasion.
Era: The Ottoman Regency of Algiers
Sources: France Conquers Algeria · EBSCO Research Starters, History of Algeria · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — Europe:
Curtailment of Bessarabian autonomy
After an initial period of limited self-government, Russia integrated Bessarabia into the imperial administration, beginning a policy of Russification that made Russian the language of government and schooling.
Era: Russian Bessarabia
Sources: Bessarabia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Moldova: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
The rule of Rosas
The Federalist caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas dominates Argentina as governor of Buenos Aires until his fall, a period of strongman rule and conflict.
Era: Civil Wars, Unification and the Liberal Republic
Sources: Juan Manuel de Rosas · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentina · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- — South America:
Vernet appointed political and military commander
A decree of the Buenos Aires government under Martín Rodríguez created the office of Political and Military Commander of the Malvinas and named Luis Vernet to it, with authority over fishing on the coasts.
Era: Buenos Aires, Vernet, and 1833
Sources: Creación de la Comandancia de Malvinas en 1829 (decree of 10 June 1829) · Wikisource (transcription of the Buenos Aires decree)
Politics & Power in the 1820s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged politics and power — dynasties, constitutions, revolutions and changes of regime, narrowed to the 1820s — 20 of them, drawn from 16 nations, running from 1820 to 1829. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 20
- Nations
- 16
- Earliest
- 1820
- Latest
- 1829
- North America
- 8
- South America
- 7
- Asia
- 3
- Africa
- 1
- Europe
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.