- Oceania
The Stolen Generations
Under official assimilation policies, governments and churches forcibly removed many thousands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families over decades, causing profound and lasting harm.
Era: The world wars, immigration, and the twentieth century
Sources: Defining Moments: National Apology · National Museum of Australia, Australia (country) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Treaty of Punakha
Revising the Sinchula terms, Britain increases Bhutan's subsidy and pledges non-interference in internal affairs while guiding its foreign relations, securing Bhutan's continued independence.
Era: Civil Strife and the British Treaties
Sources: Friendship and International Relations in the Himalayas: Bhutan, Britain, and the 1910 Treaty of Punakha · Cambridge University Press, Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies · Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
- North America
Cuyamel and the Zemurray coup
Samuel Zemurray's Cuyamel Fruit Company buys plantation land and, in 1911, backs an armed coup to secure a favourable government.
Era: The Banana Economy and the Original Banana Republic
Sources: Banana republic · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Montenegro proclaimed a kingdom
On the fiftieth anniversary of his reign, Prince Nikola I proclaimed Montenegro a kingdom and assumed the title of king, the last monarchy created in the Balkans.
Era: Secular Principality, the Congress of Berlin and the Kingdom
Sources: Nicholas I, king of Montenegro · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Montenegro: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Monaco's first constitution
Prince Albert I granted Monaco a constitution on 5 January 1911, ending absolute princely rule and beginning the principality's evolution into a constitutional state.
Era: Sovereignty Tied to France and the Making of the Modern Principality
Sources: Monaco: 1815 to Present · GlobalSecurity.org, Albert, prince of Monaco · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
The great reforms
In his second term Batlle enacts the eight-hour day, free education, pensions, nationalisations, abolition of the death penalty and church-state separation, founding the model welfare state.
Era: Batlle y Ordonez and the Model Country
Sources: Jose Batlle y Ordonez · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Imam Yahya wins highland autonomy
Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din, leader of Zaidi resistance, secured by treaty a degree of autonomy from the Ottomans over the Zaidi highlands, foreshadowing full independence.
Era: Ottomans, Britain and the Port of Aden
Sources: Yemen: History (ancient kingdoms, Islam, the imamate, unification and war) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Yemen · U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
- Europe
Conference of London and the borders
The Great Powers recognised an autonomous Albania but, pressed by its neighbours, drew borders leaving about half the Albanian-populated lands, including Kosovo, outside the state, creating the Albanian national question.
Era: Independence, the Conference of London and the Albanian Question
Sources: Treaties of London · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ismail Qemali Leads Albania to Independence, November 1912 · Radio Television of Albania (RTSH), History of Albania · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Kuwait's separate status confirmed
Anglo-Ottoman negotiations recognized Kuwait as an autonomous district under British protection, distinguishing it from the Ottoman territories that would later form Iraq.
Era: Mubarak the Great and the British Agreement
Sources: Kuwait: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Persian Gulf States: Country Studies (Kuwait) · Library of Congress, Federal Research Division
- North America
Garvey founds the UNIA
Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association, building the largest Pan-African movement of its age.
Era: Crown Colony, Morant Bay, and Garvey
Sources: Marcus Garvey · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Blaise Diagne elected to the French parliament
Diagne becomes the first African deputy in the French National Assembly, representing the Four Communes.
Era: French Conquest, the Four Communes and the Marabouts
Sources: Four Communes · Wikipedia, Blaise Diagne (1872–1934) · BlackPast.org
- Africa
Chilembwe killed
John Chilembwe was shot dead as he fled toward Mozambique; though the rising failed, he became an enduring symbol of Malawian nationalism and is honoured as a national martyr.
Era: Protectorate, Nyasaland and the Chilembwe rising
Sources: John Chilembwe · Encyclopaedia Britannica, John Chilembwe (ca. 1871–1915) · BlackPast.org
- South America
- Africa
The Diagne Law confirms citizenship
Diagne secures a law affirming the originaires of the Four Communes as full French citizens who may retain Muslim personal status.
Era: French Conquest, the Four Communes and the Marabouts
Sources: Four Communes · Wikipedia, Blaise Diagne (1872–1934) · BlackPast.org
- North America
- North America
Jones-Shafroth Act grants citizenship
Congress collectively confers U.S. citizenship on Puerto Ricans and restructures the island's government, but without the federal vote.
Era: Under the United States: Citizenship and a New Order
Sources: 1917: Jones-Shafroth Act · Library of Congress, Jones-Shafroth Act · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Europe
February Revolution and the abdication of Nicholas II
Bread riots, strikes, and a garrison mutiny in Petrograd force Nicholas II to abdicate, ending the Romanov dynasty and over three centuries of tsarist rule; a Provisional Government takes power alongside the Petrograd Soviet.
Era: Revolution and the Fall of the Romanovs
Sources: Russian Revolution · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The October Revolution
Lenin's Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government in a near-bloodless coup in Petrograd, proclaim a government of soviets, and establish the world's first communist state, withdrawing Russia from the First World War.
Era: Revolution and the Fall of the Romanovs
Sources: Russian Revolution · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
A new welfare constitution
A reformed constitution entrenches the secular, democratic and social character of the Batllista republic, including a plural executive to check one-man power.
Era: Batlle y Ordonez and the Model Country
Sources: Jose Batlle y Ordonez · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uruguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Bosnia joins the Yugoslav kingdom
With Austria-Hungary's collapse, Bosnia was incorporated into the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia, losing its separate administrative identity.
Era: Habsburg Rule, Sarajevo 1914 and the Yugoslav Kingdom
Sources: Bosnia and Herzegovina: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Entry into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Croatian lands joined Serbia and Montenegro in the new South Slav kingdom proclaimed on 1 December 1918, later renamed Yugoslavia.
Era: Yugoslavia, the Ustase Catastrophe and Socialist Croatia
Sources: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Croatia: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Abdication of Wilhelm II
Amid military collapse and revolution, Emperor Wilhelm II abdicated and a republic was proclaimed in Berlin; the armistice followed two days later, ending the war and the monarchy.
Era: The German Empire and the First World War
Sources: Germany · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Collapse of Austria-Hungary
Defeat in the First World War destroyed the Dual Monarchy; amid revolution Hungary passed through a democratic republic and a brief communist regime before the conservative order of Regent Horthy.
Era: Trianon and the Shrinking of Hungary
Sources: Treaty of Trianon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Hungary: The Dual Monarchy, 1867-1918 · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Union of Bessarabia with Romania
The Sfatul Tarii voted to unite Bessarabia with Romania (27 March, Old Style; 9 April, New Style); the union, at first conditional on autonomy, was made unconditional in November 1918.
Era: Union with Romania and the Soviet Creation of a Moldavian Republic
Sources: Union of 27 March 1918: the National Archive Agency provides access to the Sfatul Tarii collection · Moldpres (Moldova State News Agency), Moldova: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Franco-Monégasque Treaty of 1918
Signed amid a succession crisis, the treaty aligned Monaco's policy with French interests and provided that the principality would fall under French protection should the Grimaldi line end; it was noted in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
Era: Sovereignty Tied to France and the Making of the Modern Principality
Sources: The history of Monaco's accession · Permanent Representation of Monaco to the Council of Europe (gouv.mc), Monaco · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The Podgorica Assembly
An assembly in Podgorica deposed King Nikola I and the Petrovic-Njegos dynasty and proclaimed the unconditional union of Montenegro with Serbia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Era: War, the Podgorica Assembly and Yugoslav Montenegro
Sources: Montenegro (First World War) · 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Montenegro: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Vardar Macedonia within Yugoslavia
After the First World War the Vardar region was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), where it was administered as part of Serbia and its Slavic identity discouraged.
Era: Partition, 'Vardar Macedonia' and the Yugoslav Republic
Sources: North Macedonia: History (Ancient, Ottoman, Yugoslav) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Greater Romania
With Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania joined to the kingdom, Romania nearly doubled in size, gaining large Hungarian and German minorities within its enlarged borders.
Era: Greater Romania: the Great War and the union of Transylvania
Sources: Treaty of Trianon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Romania · United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Europe
Execution of the Romanov family
Bolshevik guards shoot and bayonet the deposed Nicholas II, his wife, their five children, and their servants in a cellar in Yekaterinburg, eliminating any rallying point for the monarchist cause.
Era: Revolution and the Fall of the Romanovs
Sources: Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Russian Revolution · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Treaty of Saint-Germain
Signed for Austria by Karl Renner, the treaty confirmed the breakup of Austria-Hungary, forbade union with Germany without League of Nations approval, limited Austria's army and ceded South Tyrol to Italy.
Era: The First Republic, Saint-Germain and the Anschluss
Sources: 1919: Treaty of Saint-Germain · Haus der Geschichte Österreich (House of Austrian History)
- Europe
South Tyrol ceded to Italy
Under Saint-Germain the German-speaking southern part of historic Tyrol was awarded to Italy, placing a large German-speaking population under Italian rule and creating a lasting territorial grievance.
Era: The First Republic, Saint-Germain and the Anschluss
Sources: 1919: Treaty of Saint-Germain · Haus der Geschichte Österreich (House of Austrian History), De Gasperi-Gruber Agreement and the First Statute of Autonomy · Provincia autonoma di Trento
- Europe
Versailles: Eupen-Malmedy and the end of Moresnet
The Treaty of Versailles ended Belgian neutrality, abolished Neutral Moresnet and transferred Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt Vith from Germany to Belgium, giving the kingdom a German-speaking minority after a much-criticised popular consultation in 1920.
Era: The Two World Wars and the Gains of Versailles
Sources: Eupen-Malmedy (transfer to Belgium under the Treaty of Versailles) · 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War, 100 years ago Belgium annexed Europe's second smallest territory (Neutral Moresnet) · VRT NWS (Flemish public broadcaster), Eupen-et-Malmédy · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Republican constitution
Finland adopted a republican constitution in 1919, establishing a parliamentary republic with a strong presidency rather than the monarchy that conservatives had briefly favoured after the civil war.
Era: Independence and the Finnish Civil War
Sources: History of Finland · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The Weimar Republic and its constitution
Germany's first democracy adopted the Weimar Constitution in 1919, establishing a parliamentary republic that would be undermined by economic crisis and political extremism.
Era: Weimar, the Third Reich and the Second World War
Sources: The Weimar Republic (1918–1933) · German Bundestag
- Europe
Abdication of Marie-Adelaide
Criticised for her conduct under the German occupation, Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide abdicated in January 1919 in favour of her sister Charlotte, who reigned until 1964.
Era: Two World Wars and the End of Neutrality
Sources: Occupation of Luxembourg (1914-1918) · 1914-1918-online International Encyclopedia of the First World War, The history of the Nassau dynasty · Cour grand-ducale (Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg)
- South America
The Leguia era
Augusto Leguia governs Peru for eleven increasingly authoritarian years, promoting public works and a new constitution before falling in the Depression.
Era: The Young Republic and the War of the Pacific
Sources: Peru: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Korean Provisional Government formed
Korean nationalists establish a Provisional Government in exile in Shanghai to coordinate the independence struggle against Japanese rule.
Era: Japanese Colonial Rule
Sources: Korea Under Japanese Rule · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Korea (history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
Politics & Power in the 1910s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged politics and power — dynasties, constitutions, revolutions and changes of regime, narrowed to the 1910s — 37 of them, drawn from 29 nations, running from 1910 to 1919. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 37
- Nations
- 29
- Earliest
- 1910
- Latest
- 1919
- Europe
- 21
- Asia
- 4
- North America
- 4
- South America
- 4
- Africa
- 3
- Oceania
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.