FormationThe 3rd century BCE

Formation in the 3rd century BCE

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged formation — origins, unifications and the founding of states as each nation's archive records them, narrowed to the 3rd century BCE — 9 of them, drawn from 9 nations, running from 300 BCE to 202 BCE. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
9
Nations
9
Earliest
300 BCE
Latest
202 BCE
Asia
7
Africa
2

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. c. late 4th century BCEAsia

    Georgia

    Kingdom of Iberia founded

    The eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia emerged in the lands of Kartli, centred on Mtskheta, forming a distinct monarchy that would become the core of the Georgian state.

    Era: Colchis, Iberia and the Land of the Golden Fleece

    Sources: Iberia (ancient kingdom, Georgia) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Georgia · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. c. 3rd century BCEAfrica

    Morocco

    Kingdom of Mauretania and Volubilis

    The Amazigh kingdom of Mauretania emerges in the western Maghreb; Volubilis, founded around the third century BCE, becomes one of its leading cities.

    Era: Amazigh Mauretania and Roman Volubilis

    Sources: Archaeological Site of Volubilis · UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Exploring Roman Morocco · World History Encyclopedia

  3. c. 3rd century BCEAsia

    Vietnam

    Kingdom of Au Lac and Co Loa

    An Duong Vuong overthrows the last Hung king and unites the land as Au Lac, building the fortified capital of Co Loa north of modern Hanoi.

    Era: Legendary Origins and a Thousand Years of Chinese Rule

    Sources: Vietnam · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  4. c. 256 BCEAsia

    Afghanistan

    The Greco-Bactrian kingdom

    Diodotus I breaks Bactria away from the Seleucid empire to found the independent Greco-Bactrian kingdom, a Hellenistic state that fused Greek and local traditions north of the Hindu Kush.

    Era: Bactria, Gandhara and the Buddhist Age

    Sources: Bactria · World History Encyclopedia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom · EBSCO Research Starters

  5. 247 BCEAsia

    Iran

    The Parthian (Arsacid) Empire

    Arsaces I founds the Parthian Empire in north-eastern Iran, reviving Persian traditions and becoming Rome's chief rival in the East for nearly five centuries.

    Era: Hellenistic, Parthian and Sasanian Persia

    Sources: Ancient Iran — The Hellenistic and Parthian periods · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sasanian Empire · World History Encyclopedia

  6. c. 247 BCEAsia

    Turkmenistan

    Rise of the Parthian Empire

    The nomadic Parni founded the Parthian state, which grew into an empire ruling Iran and Central Asia for nearly five centuries and rivalling Rome, with Nisa among its early royal centres.

    Era: Ancient Oases: Margiana and Parthian Nisa

    Sources: Parthia · Encyclopædia Britannica, Parthian Empire · World History Encyclopedia

  7. 221 BCEAsia

    China

    Qin unifies China; the First Emperor is proclaimed

    Qin completes its conquest of the Warring States and its king takes the title Shi Huangdi, founding the first unified Chinese empire and the centralized bureaucratic system that defines imperial China.

    Era: Imperial Unification: Qin and Han

    Sources: Qin Shi Huang · Encyclopaedia Britannica, China · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  8. c. 209 BCEAsia

    Mongolia

    The Xiongnu confederation reaches its height

    At the close of the third century BCE the Xiongnu unite the eastern steppe under a supreme chanyu, forming a nomadic empire that rivals the Qin and Han dynasties of China for centuries.

    Era: Lords of the Steppe: The Xiongnu and Early Nomads

    Sources: Xiongnu · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Mongolia · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  9. c. 202 BCEAfrica

    Algeria

    Massinissa unites Numidia

    Allied with Rome in the Second Punic War, the Massylian king Massinissa defeats Syphax and unifies the Amazigh kingdom of Numidia, ruling until 148 BCE.

    Era: Numidia, Carthage and Roman Africa

    Sources: Masinissa · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Berber Kingdoms of Numidia and Mauretania · EBSCO Research Starters