- Europe
Battle of Clontarf
On Good Friday 1014 Brian Boru's army defeated the Norse of Dublin and the men of Leinster near Dublin, breaking Viking political power in Ireland; Brian was killed in the battle.
Era: Vikings, Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf
Sources: The Vikings in Ireland · World History Encyclopedia, How the Vikings Shaped Ireland · TheCollector
- Europe
Battle of Kleidion and the fall of Samuel
The Byzantine emperor Basil II destroyed Samuel's army at Kleidion; the tsar died shortly afterwards, and by 1018 the region was fully reabsorbed into the Byzantine Empire.
Era: Slavic Settlement, Tsar Samuel and the Ohrid Archbishopric
Sources: Samuel, tsar of western Bulgaria · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Cnut the Great and the North Sea empire
Cnut won the English throne in 1016, inherited Denmark in 1018 and conquered Norway in 1028, ruling a maritime empire across the North Sea until his death in 1035.
Era: The Viking Age and the Birth of the Kingdom
Sources: Denmark: The Viking era · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Gorm the Old, Harald Bluetooth and Svein Forkbeard · National Museum of Denmark
- Europe
Byzantine conquest of the First Empire
After long wars the Byzantine emperor Basil II, the 'Bulgar-Slayer', destroyed Bulgarian resistance and annexed the realm, ending the First Bulgarian Empire and absorbing it into Byzantium.
Era: Thracians, Asparukh's Khanate and the First Bulgarian Empire
Sources: Simeon I · Encyclopaedia Britannica, About Bulgaria: History · Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria (gov.bg)
- Asia
Chola naval raid weakens Srivijaya
A naval expedition from the south Indian Chola dynasty strikes Srivijaya's ports, contributing to the long decline of its dominance over the strait.
Era: Early Malay Polities and the Srivijaya Maritime Realm
Sources: Srivijaya empire · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Death of Ibn Yasin; Abu Bakr leads the desert wing
After Ibn Yasin is killed in 1059, Abu Bakr ibn Umar takes command of the Almoravid forces in the Sahara, while Yusuf ibn Tashfin leads the northern conquests.
Era: The Almoravid Jihad
Sources: Abu Bakr ibn Umar · Wikipedia, Almoravids (Berber confederation) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest
William of Normandy defeated and killed King Harold II at Hastings and was crowned king on Christmas Day, beginning Norman rule and transforming England's language, law, and aristocracy.
Era: The Norman Conquest and medieval England
Sources: Norman Conquest · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Story of England: 1066 and the Norman Conquest · English Heritage
- Asia
Battle of Manzikert
The Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan defeated and captured the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV at Manzikert, breaking Byzantine control of the interior and opening Anatolia to Turkish settlement.
Era: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Anatolia
Sources: Battle of Manzikert · Encyclopædia Britannica, Osman I · World History Encyclopedia
- Africa
Almoravids take Kumbi Saleh
Berber Almoravids from present-day Mauritania capture Ghana's chief city, weakening the empire and the trade routes it controlled.
Era: The Ghana Empire (Wagadou)
Sources: The Trans-Saharan Gold Trade (7th–14th Century) · The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Ghana Empire — World Civilization · Lumen Learning
- Africa
Almoravids said to take Koumbi Saleh
Tradition records that Almoravid forces under Abu Bakr captured the Ghanaian capital of Koumbi Saleh around 1076, contributing to the decline of the Ghana Empire—though the campaign's scale is debated.
Era: The Almoravid Jihad
Sources: History of Mauritania · Wikipedia, Almoravids (Berber confederation) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Koumbi Saleh · Wikipedia
- Europe
- Africa
Almoravids enter al-Andalus
Yusuf ibn Tashfin leads the Almoravids into Spain, checking the Christian Reconquista and bringing Muslim al-Andalus under Moroccan rule.
Era: The Berber Empires: Almoravids and Almohads
Sources: North Africa: The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads · Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Art of the Almoravid and Almohad Periods (ca. 1062–1269) · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Africa
- Europe
Norman conquest by Roger I
Count Roger I of Sicily took Malta from the Arabs in 1091, attaching the islands to the Kingdom of Sicily and beginning their return to Latin Christendom.
Era: Arabs, Normans and Medieval Malta
Sources: Roger I, Norman Count of Sicily · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Malta · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
- Asia
The First Crusade reaches Syria
Crusader armies seize cities along the Levantine coast and capture Jerusalem in 1099, founding Crusader states and beginning two centuries of intermittent warfare across Syria.
Era: Islam and the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus
Sources: Saladin — sultan of Egypt and Syria · Encyclopaedia Britannica
War & Rupture in the 11th century
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 11th century — 16 of them, drawn from 15 nations, running from 1014 to 1099. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 16
- Nations
- 15
- Earliest
- 1014
- Latest
- 1099
- Europe
- 7
- Africa
- 5
- Asia
- 4
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.