- Oceania
The musket wars
The spread of firearms unleashed a generation of devastating inter-tribal warfare, with leaders such as Te Rauparaha driving migrations and conquests that killed tens of thousands and reshaped the tribal map.
Era: European contact, missionaries, and the musket wars
Sources: Musket wars · Te Ara — The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Te Rauparaha · NZ History (Manatū Taonga — Ministry for Culture and Heritage)
- Africa
Turco-Egyptian conquest reaches Sudan
Muhammad Ali's forces conquer the Funj lands and extend Egyptian rule up the Nile, seeking gold, ivory and slaves and making Khartoum the seat of administration.
Era: Conquest, Ivory and the Slave Raids
Sources: Turco-Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820–1824) · Wikipedia, Khartoum, Sudan (1821– ) · BlackPast.org
- South America
Battle of Carabobo
Bolivar's victory over the Spanish army at Carabobo, won with Paez's llaneros and foreign volunteers, virtually secures Venezuelan independence.
Era: The Cradle of Independence and Simon Bolivar
Sources: Battle of Carabobo · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Simon Bolivar · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Dahomey breaks free of Oyo
Ghezo defeated the weakened Yoruba empire of Oyo, ending the tributary status Dahomey had borne since the early eighteenth century and asserting full independence.
Era: Ouidah, the slave trade, King Ghezo and the Agojie
Sources: Ghezo · Wikipedia, Dahomey — historical kingdom, Africa · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
The Demerara rising
Thousands of enslaved people in Demerara rebel, believing emancipation has been withheld; the revolt is brutally suppressed, and the death of missionary John Smith galvanises British abolitionists.
Era: British Guiana: Emancipation and Indenture
Sources: Guyana — History (Colonialism, Independence, Culture) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Guyana and Belize: Country Studies · U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division
- Oceania
The frontier wars
Across the continent, the expansion of pastoral settlement met Aboriginal resistance in a long, dispersed frontier conflict of raids, reprisals, and massacres that, with introduced disease, devastated Aboriginal peoples and dispossessed them of their land.
Era: Colonial expansion, gold rushes, and frontier conflict
Sources: Australia (country) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Defining Moments: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history · National Museum of Australia
- South America
Battle of Ayacucho
Antonio Jose de Sucre routs the last great royalist army at Ayacucho, sealing the independence of Spanish South America and opening the way to liberate Charcas.
Era: The Revolt of Tupac Katari and Independence
Sources: Antonio Jose de Sucre · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Simon Bolivar: Bolivia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Asante victory at Nsamankow
At the Battle of Nsamankow the Asante defeated a British-led force and killed the Gold Coast governor Sir Charles MacCarthy, an early reversal in the long Anglo-Asante wars.
Era: The Asante Empire and the Golden Stool
Sources: The Anglo-Ashanti Wars (1823–1900) · BlackPast.org, Anglo-Ashanti wars · Wikipedia
- Asia
First Anglo-Burmese War
War over the Arakan and Assam frontiers ends with the Treaty of Yandabo (1826), forcing Burma to cede Arakan and Tenasserim to Britain.
Era: The Anglo-Burmese Wars and British Rule
Sources: Anglo-Burmese Wars · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Treaty of Yandabo · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Battle of Junin
Bolivar's forces win a cavalry battle at Junin, opening the way to the final campaign against the royalists in the Peruvian sierra.
Era: Rebellion and Independence
Sources: Peru: Achievement of independence · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Sebego expels the Kololo
Sebego, regent of the Bangwaketse, raises some 4,000 men and permanently drives the invading Kololo out of the region.
Era: The Tswana Nations and the Difaqane
Sources: History of Botswana · Wikipedia
- Europe
Battle of Navarino
A combined British, French and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman-Egyptian navy at Navarino, a decisive intervention by the Great Powers that turned the war in Greece's favour.
Era: Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence
Sources: War of Greek Independence · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Greek Independence from the Ottoman Empire · EBSCO Research Starters
- Asia
Russia annexes eastern Armenia
Following war with Persia, Russia annexed the eastern (Persian) Armenian lands, dividing the Armenian homeland between the Russian and Ottoman empires.
Era: Empires, the Genocide and the First Republic
Sources: Armenia — Caucasus, Soviet Union, Genocide (Modern Armenia) · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Asia
Treaty of Turkmenchay
The second Russo-Persian war ended with Turkmenchay, confirming Russian rule and adding Nakhichevan and Yerevan, fixing the Aras-river border that still divides the two Azerbaijans.
Era: Persian khanates and Russian annexation
Sources: Treaty of Turkmenchay, 1828 · Encyclopædia Britannica, Azerbaijan: Russian suzerainty and the road to independence · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Asia
Siam destroys Vientiane
After King Anouvong's failed revolt against Bangkok, Siamese forces sack and raze Vientiane and deport its people, ending the kingdom of Vientiane.
Era: Three Kingdoms and Siamese Vassalage
Sources: Vientiane · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Laos: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
War & Rupture in the 1820s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 1820s — 15 of them, drawn from 15 nations, running from 1820 to 1828. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 15
- Nations
- 15
- Earliest
- 1820
- Latest
- 1828
- Africa
- 4
- Asia
- 4
- South America
- 4
- Oceania
- 2
- Europe
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.