- Europe
Battle of the Golden Spurs
A Flemish town militia, mostly craft guildsmen, destroyed a French army of knights near Courtrai, collecting the golden spurs of the slain nobles and asserting the independence of the Flemish towns.
Era: The Medieval Low Countries: Flanders, Brabant and the Cloth Towns
Sources: Battle of the Golden Spurs · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Belgium: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Battle of Morgarten
Men of Schwyz and Uri ambushed and destroyed a Habsburg army of knights under Duke Leopold I at Morgarten, the first great victory of the Confederation and a celebrated triumph of foot soldiers over mounted nobility.
Era: The Oath of the Forest Cantons and the Old Swiss Confederacy
Sources: Battle of Morgarten · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Africa
Ifat broken by Ethiopia; rise of Adal
The Ethiopian emperor Amda Seyon defeats Ifat; the Sultanate of Adal succeeds it as the leading Muslim power contesting the Christian highlands.
Era: The Afar, the Issa and the Muslim Sultanates
Sources: History of Djibouti · Wikipedia, Djibouti (country and history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Hundred Years' War begins
A dynastic struggle with England that would last until 1453 and forge French identity.
Era: The Medieval & Early-Modern Kingdom
Sources: Hundred Years' War · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Europe
St George's Night Uprising
Estonian peasants rose against their German and Danish overlords in a great revolt that was suppressed; in its wake Denmark sold its Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order in 1346.
Era: The Ancient Estonians and the Northern Crusades
Sources: Estonia: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ancient Estonia and the Kunda culture · Klaipeda University, Archaeologia Baltica (peer-reviewed journal)
- Europe
Death of John the Blind at Crecy
Blind in his final years, John of Luxembourg insisted on joining the fighting and was killed at the Battle of Crecy on the side of France, becoming an emblematic figure of Luxembourg's chivalric past.
Era: The House of Luxembourg and the Imperial Duchy
Sources: History of the city of Luxembourg · Luxembourg City Tourist Office, The history of the Nassau dynasty · Cour grand-ducale (Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg)
- Asia
Fall of the Yuan and retreat to the steppe
The Chinese rebel Zhu Yuanzhang overthrows the Yuan and founds the Ming dynasty; the last Mongol emperor flees north into the steppes, ending Mongol rule over China.
Era: The Great Empire: Karakorum, Kublai, and the Yuan
Sources: Kublai Khan · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mongol empire · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Ottoman conquest of the region
Ottoman forces conquered Macedonia in the late fourteenth century, beginning roughly five centuries of Ottoman rule during which the region's name lapsed as an administrative term.
Era: Ottoman Rule and the Macedonian Question
Sources: Macedonia (region, Europe): Map, History & Facts · Encyclopaedia Britannica, North Macedonia: History (Ancient, Ottoman, Yugoslav) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Fall of Cilician Armenia
The Mamluks of Egypt conquered the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, extinguishing the last independent medieval Armenian state.
Era: Bagratid Ani and Cilician Armenia
Sources: Little Armenia (Cilician Armenia) · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Africa
Sayfawa flee Kanem for Bornu
Pressed by the Bulala, the Sayfawa abandoned Njimi and re-established the state in Bornu, west of Lake Chad, later founding the capital Ngazargamu.
Era: Kanem and Kanem-Bornu
Sources: Kanem-Bornu Empire · Wikipedia
- Asia
Invasions of Timur
The armies of Timur (Tamerlane) repeatedly devastated Georgia, accelerating the breakup of the kingdom into rival principalities amid Mongol and Turkic pressure.
Era: Fragmentation, Foreign Pressure and Russian Annexation
Sources: History of Georgia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Georgia: Turkish and Persian domination · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Battle of Sempach
The Confederates routed a Habsburg army at Sempach and killed Duke Leopold III of Austria, breaking Habsburg power in the region and confirming the Confederacy as a serious military force.
Era: The Oath of the Forest Cantons and the Old Swiss Confederacy
Sources: Battle of Morgarten · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Switzerland: The Swiss Confederation during the Late Middle Ages · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Ottoman invasion of Albania
The Ottoman Turks invaded Albania in 1388 and, over the following decades, brought most of the divided and contested country under their control, largely completing the conquest by about 1430.
Era: Medieval Albania, the Ottoman Conquest and Skanderbeg
Sources: History of Albania · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Albania: Medieval Culture and Illyrian Tribes · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The Battle of Kosovo
At Kosovo Polje, the Field of Blackbirds, the Serbian prince Lazar and his allies fought the Ottoman sultan Murad I; both rulers died and the Ottoman victory led to the eventual subjugation of Serbia.
Era: The Medieval Serbian Heartland and the Battle of Kosovo
Sources: Battle of Kosovo (1389) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Battle of Kosovo, 1389 · History Today
- Europe
The Battle of Kosovo
On the Field of Blackbirds the army of Prince Lazar fought the Ottoman sultan Murad I; both leaders were killed and Serbian resistance was broken, making Kosovo the central event of national memory.
Era: The Battle of Kosovo and the Ottoman Conquest
Sources: Battle of Kosovo (1389) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Battle of Kosovo
Ottoman forces under Murad I defeated a Serbian-led coalition at Kosovo, cementing Ottoman dominance in the Balkans even as Murad died on the field.
Era: The Rise of the Seljuks and Ottomans
Sources: Ottoman Empire · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Europe
Fall of Tarnovo to the Ottomans
The Ottoman army captured the Bulgarian capital of Tarnovo, breaking the heart of the Second Empire as the Ottomans absorbed the Bulgarian lands.
Era: The Second Bulgarian Empire and the Ottoman Conquest
Sources: History of Bulgaria · Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria: Ottoman rule, National Revival and the end of the 19th century · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Ottoman conquest completed
With the subjection of the last Bulgarian territories by 1396, the Second Bulgarian Empire ended and Bulgaria passed under Ottoman rule that would last nearly five centuries.
Era: The Second Bulgarian Empire and the Ottoman Conquest
Sources: About Bulgaria: History · Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria (gov.bg), History of Bulgaria · Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria: Ottoman rule, National Revival and the end of the 19th century · Encyclopaedia Britannica
War & Rupture in the 14th century
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 14th century — 18 of them, drawn from 16 nations, running from 1302 to 1396. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 18
- Nations
- 16
- Earliest
- 1302
- Latest
- 1396
- Europe
- 12
- Asia
- 4
- Africa
- 2
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.