War & RuptureThe 7th century

War & Rupture in the 7th century

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 7th century — 17 of them, drawn from 14 nations, running from 628 to 698. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
17
Nations
14
Earliest
628
Latest
698
Asia
12
Africa
5

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. Asia

    Iran

    Exhausting wars with Byzantium

    The last great Byzantine–Sasanian war drains both empires militarily and economically, leaving Persia dangerously weakened on the eve of the Arab conquest.

    Era: Hellenistic, Parthian and Sasanian Persia

    Sources: Sasanian Empire · World History Encyclopedia

  2. Asia

    United Arab Emirates

    The Battle of Dibba in the Ridda Wars

    After the Prophet's death, a campaign by the first caliph Abu Bakr against apostate tribes culminated in a battle at Dibba on the east coast, securing the region within the Islamic order.

    Era: Islam, Julfar and the Maritime Trade

    Sources: History (Discover UAE) · Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Washington DC

  3. Asia

    Iraq

    Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Arab conquest

    Arab Muslim armies of the Rashidun Caliphate defeat the Sasanians at al-Qadisiyyah near al-Hira and take Ctesiphon, ending Persian rule in Mesopotamia and beginning the region's Islamisation.

    Era: Persians, Greeks and the Coming of Islam

    Sources: Battle of al-Qādisiyyah · Encyclopædia Britannica, Iraq — History · Encyclopædia Britannica

  4. Asia

    Jordan

    The Battle of the Yarmuk

    Muslim Arab armies decisively defeated the Byzantines near the Yarmuk River, ending Roman rule over the region and bringing the lands east of the Jordan into the new Islamic world.

    Era: Rome, the Decapolis and Byzantine Christianity

    Sources: Jordan: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Jordan: A Country Study · Library of Congress, Federal Research Division

  5. Asia

    Lebanon

    Arab Muslim conquest of the Levant

    Arab armies defeat Byzantium and bring the Levant under Muslim rule, while the Christian communities of Mount Lebanon retain their distinct character in the highlands.

    Era: Roman Heliopolis and the Rise of Christianity

    Sources: History of Lebanon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Lebanon · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  6. Asia

    Syria

    The Muslim conquest of Syria

    Arab Muslim armies defeat the Byzantines and take Damascus and Aleppo within a few years; over time Arabic and Islam spread, though Christian and other communities remain.

    Era: Islam and the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus

    Sources: Syria — history · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Umayyad dynasty — Islamic history · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  7. Asia

    Palestine

    Arab Muslim conquest of Jerusalem

    Jerusalem surrendered to the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, beginning nearly a millennium of predominantly Islamic rule and the region's gradual Arabisation.

    Era: Islamic Palestine: Conquest, Caliphates, Crusades, and Mamluks

    Sources: First Muslim conquest of Jerusalem · Wikipedia, Palestine - region, history · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  8. Africa

    Egypt

    Arab conquest of Egypt

    Amr ibn al-As leads the Muslim conquest of Byzantine Egypt and founds Fustat, beginning the country's transformation into a Muslim land.

    Era: Islamic Egypt: Caliphs, Fatimids and Mamluks

    Sources: Arab conquest of Egypt · Wikipedia

  9. Asia

    Iran

    Battle of Nahavand — the 'Victory of Victories'

    Arab Muslim forces crush the Sasanian army at Nahavand, breaking organised Persian resistance; the empire finally collapses with the death of Yazdegerd III in 651 CE.

    Era: Hellenistic, Parthian and Sasanian Persia

    Sources: Battle of Nahāvand · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sasanian Empire · World History Encyclopedia

  10. Africa

    Libya

    Arab conquest of Cyrenaica

    Arab forces under Amr ibn al-As take Cyrenaica and advance into Tripolitania, beginning Libya's transformation into a Muslim, Arabic-speaking land.

    Era: The Garamantes and the Arab-Islamic Conquest

    Sources: Libya: The Muslim Conquest · Fanack Chronicle, Libya · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  11. Asia

    Georgia

    Arab conquest and the Emirate of Tbilisi

    Arab armies brought Islam to the Caucasus and established an emirate at Tbilisi, beginning centuries in which Georgian princely houses contested Muslim and Byzantine power.

    Era: The Conversion of Iberia and an Early Christian State

    Sources: History of Georgia · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  12. Asia

    Cyprus

    Arab raids and a contested frontier

    From the mid-seventh century Cyprus suffered repeated Arab naval raids and for some three centuries lay as a contested zone between Byzantium and the Caliphate before Byzantine rule was firmly restored in 965.

    Era: Roman and Byzantine Cyprus: An Early Christian Island

    Sources: Cyprus: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  13. Africa

    Libya

    Arab expeditions reach the Fezzan

    Campaigns associated with Uqba ibn Nafi extend Arab-Muslim authority into the Saharan Fezzan, ending the autonomy of the Garamantes' heartland.

    Era: The Garamantes and the Arab-Islamic Conquest

    Sources: Garamantes · Wikipedia, Libya: The Muslim Conquest · Fanack Chronicle

  14. Asia

    North Korea

    Silla unifies the peninsula

    Allied with Tang China, Silla conquers Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668, then expels the Tang, achieving the first unification of Korea under native rule.

    Era: Shared Korean Heritage

    Sources: Korea (history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Three Kingdoms period · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  15. Asia

    South Korea

    Silla unifies the peninsula

    Allied with Tang China, Silla conquers Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668, then expels the Tang, achieving the first unification of Korea under native rule.

    Era: Gojoseon and the Three Kingdoms

    Sources: Three Kingdoms period · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Unified Silla dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  16. Africa

    Algeria

    Kusaila defeats Uqba ibn Nafi

    The Awraba chief Kusaila ambushes and kills the Arab general Uqba ibn Nafi near Biskra, a high point of Amazigh resistance to the Islamic conquest.

    Era: Vandals, Byzantines and the Coming of Islam

    Sources: ʿUqbah ibn Nāfiʿ · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Muslim conquest of the Maghreb · Wikipedia

  17. Africa

    Algeria

    The Kahina and the fall of Carthage

    The Amazigh queen known as the Kahina leads resistance from the Aurès before her defeat around 698, the year the Arabs take Carthage and end Byzantine rule in Africa.

    Era: Vandals, Byzantines and the Coming of Islam

    Sources: Kahina · Wikipedia, Muslim conquest of the Maghreb · Wikipedia