- Africa
Kololo conquest of the Lozi
The Kololo, a Sotho people fleeing the wars of the Mfecane under Sebitwane, crossed the Zambezi and conquered the Lozi kingdom, imposing their rule and language on the floodplain.
Era: Upheaval, the slave trade and Livingstone
Sources: Barotseland (the Lozi kingdom) · Wikipedia, History of Zambia · Wikipedia
- North America
Mexican-American War
Defeat by the United States costs Mexico roughly half its territory under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Era: Independence and the Early Republic
Sources: Benito Juarez · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
The Sonderbund War
After seven Catholic cantons formed the separatist Sonderbund, the federal army under General Dufour defeated it in under a month with fewer than a hundred deaths, ending Switzerland's last civil war.
Era: The Federal State and the Birth of Humanitarian Geneva
Sources: Sonderbund · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Guillaume-Henri Dufour · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Defeat of the war of independence
After Hungary proclaimed independence under Kossuth, the revolution was crushed by a combined Austrian and Russian army; the surrender brought executions and Kossuth's exile.
Era: Habsburg Rule, Revolution and the Dual Monarchy
Sources: Hungarian Revolution (1848-1849) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Garibaldi given refuge
Fleeing the collapse of the Roman Republic and pursued by four armies, Giuseppe Garibaldi crossed into San Marino with his followers and was granted asylum by the Captain Regent before escaping by night toward the Adriatic.
Era: Napoleon, Garibaldi and Lincoln: a Republic Among Friends
Sources: San Marino: Garibaldi, Lincoln and the 19th century · SanMarinoSite, History of San Marino · Visit San Marino (official tourism site)
War & Rupture in the 1840s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 1840s — 5 of them, drawn from 5 nations, running from 1840 to 1849. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 5
- Nations
- 5
- Earliest
- 1840
- Latest
- 1849
- Europe
- 3
- Africa
- 1
- North America
- 1
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.