- Asia
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
In a 44-day war Azerbaijan retook much of the territory around Nagorno-Karabakh; a Russian-brokered ceasefire on 9 November 2020 ended the fighting, with heavy casualties on both sides (estimates).
Era: Independent Armenia
Sources: Nagorno-Karabakh · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Asia
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
In a 44-day war Azerbaijani forces retook much of Nagorno-Karabakh, capturing Shusha before a ceasefire on 9 November 2020; casualty figures are estimates.
Era: Independence, the Aliyev era and Karabakh
Sources: Nagorno-Karabakh: conflicts, map and people · Encyclopædia Britannica, Ilham Aliyev, president of Azerbaijan · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Africa
CPC offensive and Wagner
A rebel coalition (the CPC) attacked around the December 2020 elections; the government, increasingly backed by Russian Wagner Group mercenaries deployed from 2018, pushed it back with MINUSCA's help.
Era: Séléka, Anti-balaka and a Fragile Peace
Sources: Central African Republic Civil War · Wikipedia, Central African Republic — Country Profile · CIA World Factbook
- Africa
The Tigray War
War erupts between federal forces and the Tigray People's Liberation Front, killing an estimated 380,000–600,000 people through combat, starvation and lack of medical care before the Pretoria agreement of November 2022 halts hostilities.
Era: Haile Selassie, the Derg, Civil War and Modern Ethiopia
Sources: Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement · Wikipedia, Conflict in Ethiopia (Global Conflict Tracker) · Council on Foreign Relations
- South America
Truth Commission report
The official Truth Commission estimates about 450,000 killed in 1985-2018 and millions displaced, the great majority of the dead civilians.
Era: Armed Conflict and the Search for Peace
Sources: Final Report of the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition · Comision de la Verdad (Colombia)
- Europe
Full-scale invasion of Ukraine
Russia launches a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the largest war in Europe since 1945, prompting sweeping Western sanctions, international isolation, and an International Criminal Court arrest warrant for President Putin.
Era: Post-Soviet Russia
Sources: Russia · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation · Wikipedia
- Europe
Full-scale invasion; UN Resolution ES-11/1
Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine; the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution ES-11/1 deploring the aggression and demanding the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of all Russian forces.
Era: Independent Ukraine, Revolutions and the Defence of Sovereignty
Sources: Russia-Ukraine War (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1, Aggression against Ukraine (2 March 2022) · United Nations General Assembly
- Europe
Purported annexation of four oblasts; UN Resolution ES-11/4
Russia proclaimed the annexation of Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson; the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution ES-11/4, condemning the attempted annexation as invalid and calling for non-recognition.
Era: Independent Ukraine, Revolutions and the Defence of Sovereignty
Sources: General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4, Territorial integrity of Ukraine: defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations (12 October 2022) · United Nations News, Russia-Ukraine War (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Azerbaijan takes full control of Nagorno-Karabakh
A September 2023 offensive brought all of Nagorno-Karabakh under Azerbaijani control and dissolved the self-declared republic; by estimates over 100,000 of about 120,000 ethnic Armenians fled.
Era: Independence, the Aliyev era and Karabakh
Sources: Nagorno-Karabakh: conflicts, map and people · Encyclopædia Britannica, Ilham Aliyev, president of Azerbaijan · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Asia
The Gaza war
After a Hamas-led attack on southern Israel killed about 1,200 people, Israel launched a massive campaign in Gaza; by Gaza Health Ministry figures cited by the UN, tens of thousands of Palestinians, mostly women and children, have been killed.
Era: Occupation, Dispossession, and the Present
Sources: Gaza war (2023-present) · Wikipedia, Israel has committed genocide in the Gaza Strip, UN Commission finds · United Nations (OHCHR)
- Africa
Dispute over Sool and Sanaag
Somaliland's claim to its eastern regions, contested with Puntland on clan grounds, produced fighting over Las Anod in 2007 and again in 2023, when local forces expelled Somaliland's troops and the area's control fell into question.
Era: Non-Recognition, Disputed Borders and a Changing Horn
Sources: Conflict in disputed Las Anod dims Somaliland's diplomatic dreams · Al Jazeera, The various layers to the Somaliland-Puntland discord · Institute for Security Studies (ISS Africa)
- Africa
War between SAF and RSF
Fighting erupts between the army under al-Burhan and the RSF under "Hemedti", spreading nationwide and causing mass death, displacement and famine.
Era: Darfur, Secession and the War of the Generals
Sources: Sudan · Wikipedia, War in Darfur · Wikipedia
- South America
Internal armed conflict declared
President Daniel Noboa declares an internal armed conflict and deploys the military against drug-trafficking gangs after a gang leader's prison escape and televised attacks.
Era: Oil, Dollar and the Modern Crisis
Sources: Security Alert: Nationwide State of Emergency in Ecuador (January 2024) · U.S. Embassy in Ecuador
- Africa
M23 retakes Goma
After re-emerging in 2021, M23 — with Rwandan backing — captures Goma again in early 2025, deepening the humanitarian crisis.
Era: Africa's World War & After
Sources: The M23 Offensive: Elusive Peace in the Great Lakes · International Crisis Group
War & Rupture in the 2020s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 2020s — 14 of them, drawn from 12 nations, running from 2020 to 2025. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 14
- Nations
- 12
- Earliest
- 2020
- Latest
- 2025
- Africa
- 5
- Asia
- 4
- Europe
- 3
- South America
- 2
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.