- Africa
The difaqane convulses the region
Wars and forced migrations linked to the wider mfecane/difaqane disrupt Tswana society, bringing raiding, displacement and famine.
Era: The Tswana Nations and the Difaqane
Sources: History of Botswana · Wikipedia, Matabele Wars 1836–1896 · South African History Online
- Africa
British capture of the Isle de France
After the French naval victory at Grand Port, a large British force lands and compels the surrender of the island in December 1810.
Era: British Mauritius: Abolition & Indenture
Sources: Battle of Grand Port · Encyclopædia Britannica, Mauritius · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Asia
Destruction of Al Zubarah
After attacks by rival Gulf powers, the thriving town of Al Zubarah was burned to the ground; it fell into decline and was abandoned by the early 20th century.
Era: Pearls, Tribes and the Town of Al Zubarah
Sources: Al Zubarah: Qatar's Largest Heritage Site · Qatar Museums, Al Zubarah Archaeological Site · UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- Asia
The Ottoman-Egyptian campaign against the Saudis
On behalf of the Ottoman sultan, the Egyptian forces of Muhammad Ali Pasha waged war on the expanding First Saudi State, driving it from the holy cities and into the Najdi heartland.
Era: The First and Second Saudi States and the Al Saud-Wahhab Alliance
Sources: Siege of Diriyah (1818) · Wikipedia, First Saudi State · Saudipedia
- Europe
Partition of Moldavia at the Treaty of Bucharest
The Treaty of Bucharest ending the Russo-Turkish War allowed Russia to annex Bessarabia, the eastern half of the principality between the Prut and the Dniester, splitting Moldavia in two.
Era: Ottoman Vassalage and the Phanariot Century
Sources: Treaty of Bucharest (1812) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Bessarabia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Napoleon's invasion and retreat from Moscow
Napoleon's Grande Armee invades Russia and reaches a burning Moscow, but is destroyed by attrition, scorched earth, and the Russian winter; the catastrophe makes Russia a leading power of post-Napoleonic Europe.
Era: The Russian Empire: Peter, Catherine, and the Romanov Zenith
Sources: Russia · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Treaty of Gulistan
Ending the Russo-Persian war of 1804–13, Persia ceded to Russia the eastern Caucasus khanates from Lankaran to Derbent, including Baku, Shirvan, Ganja and Karabakh.
Era: Persian khanates and Russian annexation
Sources: Treaty of Golestān (Gulistan), 1813 · Encyclopædia Britannica, Azerbaijan: Russian suzerainty and the road to independence · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Europe
Treaty of Kiel: the loss of Norway
Defeated alongside Napoleon, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden, ending a four-century union, while keeping Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
Era: The Napoleonic Catastrophe and the Birth of Constitutional Denmark
Sources: Treaty of Kiel · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
Anglo-Nepalese War
A border dispute with British India erupts into the Gurkha War; Nepali resistance is fierce but the East India Company prevails.
Era: Gorkha Unification and the British War
Sources: Anglo-Nepalese War · Encyclopædia Britannica, Treaty of Sagauli (Sugauli), 1816 · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Europe
End of the Peninsular War
Allied Spanish, British and Portuguese forces expelled the French and restored Spanish independence, but the returning Ferdinand VII reimposed absolute monarchy and revoked the 1812 constitution.
Era: Decline, the Bourbons and the Napoleonic Crisis
Sources: Spain · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Europe
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon's final defeat ends the Empire and the Napoleonic Wars.
Era: Revolution & Empire
Sources: Napoleon I · Encyclopædia Britannica
- Africa
Rise of the Zulu kingdom and the Mfecane
Shaka built the Zulu into a powerful centralised kingdom with a reorganised army; the wars and migrations of the Mfecane reshaped the political map of southern Africa.
Era: British rule, the Mfecane, the Zulu kingdom and the Boer republics
Sources: Mfecane · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shaka, Zulu chief · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Political revolution between 1820 and 1835 · South African History Online
- South America
Portuguese invasion and Artigas in exile
Portuguese forces from Brazil invade the Banda Oriental; after three years of resistance Artigas is defeated in 1820 and goes into permanent exile in Paraguay.
Era: Artigas, the Thirty-Three, and Independence
Sources: Jose Gervasio Artigas · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uruguay · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
San Martin crosses the Andes
San Martin leads the Army of the Andes over the cordillera and defeats royalist forces at Chacabuco, opening the liberation of Chile.
Era: May Revolution and the Wars of Independence
Sources: Jose de San Martin · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Argentina · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- South America
Crossing the Andes and Chacabuco
San Martin's Army of the Andes crosses the cordillera and defeats the royalists at Chacabuco, opening the road to Santiago and the liberation of Chile.
Era: Independence and the Building of a Republic
Sources: Jose de San Martin · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Bernardo O'Higgins · Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Asia
The fall and destruction of Diriyah
After a months-long siege Ibrahim Pasha took Diriyah in September 1818 and razed it, ending the First Saudi State; the last imam was executed in Constantinople.
Era: The First and Second Saudi States and the Al Saud-Wahhab Alliance
Sources: Siege of Diriyah (1818) · Wikipedia, At-Turaif District in ad-Dariyah · UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- Asia
Britain breaks the Qasimi sea power
After repeated clashes over Gulf shipping, British forces subdued the Qasimi dynasty and razed Ras al-Khaimah, ending the maritime dominance of the Qawasim in the lower Gulf.
Era: The Qawasim and the Making of the Trucial States
Sources: Qasimi dynasty: Family, Origins, and Piracy Claims · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of the United Arab Emirates · Encyclopaedia Britannica
War & Rupture in the 1810s
Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 1810s — 17 of them, drawn from 16 nations, running from 1810 to 1819. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.
- Events
- 17
- Nations
- 16
- Earliest
- 1810
- Latest
- 1819
- Asia
- 6
- Europe
- 5
- Africa
- 3
- South America
- 3
Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.