War & RuptureThe 5th century BCE

War & Rupture in the 5th century BCE

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 5th century BCE — 3 of them, drawn from 1 nation, running from 490 BCE to 431 BCE. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
3
Nations
1
Earliest
490 BCE
Latest
431 BCE

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. 490 BCEEurope

    Greece

    Battle of Marathon

    Athenian hoplites defeated the first Persian invasion on the plain of Marathon, a landmark victory that became central to Athenian self-confidence and identity.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Battle of Marathon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Battle of Marathon · World History Encyclopedia

  2. 480 BCEEurope

    Greece

    Battle of Salamis

    A Greek coalition fleet destroyed the navy of the Persian king Xerxes in the straits of Salamis, the decisive naval victory of the second Persian invasion; victory at Plataea in 479 BCE ended the threat.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Battle of Marathon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ancient Greece · World History Encyclopedia

  3. 431–404 BCEEurope

    Greece

    The Peloponnesian War

    A protracted war between Athens and Sparta and their allies ended in Athens' defeat, exhausting the leading city-states and chronicled by the historian Thucydides.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Ancient Greece · World History Encyclopedia