War & RuptureThe 5th century BCE

War & Rupture in the 5th century BCE

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 5th century BCE — 3 of them, drawn from 1 nation, running from 490 BCE to 431 BCE. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
3
Nations
1
Earliest
490 BCE
Latest
431 BCE

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. 490 BCE — Europe:

    Greece

    Battle of Marathon

    Athenian hoplites defeated the first Persian invasion on the plain of Marathon, a landmark victory that became central to Athenian self-confidence and identity.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Battle of Marathon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Battle of Marathon · World History Encyclopedia

  2. 480 BCE — Europe:

    Greece

    Battle of Salamis

    A Greek coalition fleet destroyed the navy of the Persian king Xerxes in the straits of Salamis, the decisive naval victory of the second Persian invasion; victory at Plataea in 479 BCE ended the threat.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Battle of Marathon · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ancient Greece · World History Encyclopedia

  3. 431–404 BCE — Europe:

    Greece

    The Peloponnesian War

    A protracted war between Athens and Sparta and their allies ended in Athens' defeat, exhausting the leading city-states and chronicled by the historian Thucydides.

    Era: Archaic and Classical Greece

    Sources: Ancient Greece · World History Encyclopedia