War & RuptureThe 12th century

War & Rupture in the 12th century

Every event in the Terralore archive tagged war and rupture — wars, invasions, conquests, battles and armed conflict, narrowed to the 12th century — 9 of them, drawn from 9 nations, running from 1121 to 1191. Each entry keeps the sources it was verified against and links back to the chronicle it came from.

Events
9
Nations
9
Earliest
1121
Latest
1191
Asia
6
Europe
3

Every entry below is the same record, with the same sources, as the one on its nation’s chronicle.

  1. Asia

    Georgia

    Battle of Didgori

    David IV the Builder defeated a much larger Seljuk Turkish coalition at Didgori west of Tbilisi, a decisive victory that broke Seljuk power in the Caucasus.

    Era: The Golden Age of David the Builder and Queen Tamar

    Sources: David IV (king of Georgia) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, History of Georgia · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. Europe

    Portugal

    Capture of Lisbon

    Afonso Henriques took Santarem and then Lisbon from the Muslims, the latter with the help of crusaders sailing to the Holy Land, advancing the Reconquista to the Tagus.

    Era: From County to Kingdom: Afonso Henriques and the Reconquista

    Sources: Afonso I, king of Portugal · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  3. Asia

    Afghanistan

    The Ghurids sack Ghazni

    The Ghurids of central Afghanistan overthrow Ghaznavid power, sacking Ghazni and extending Muslim rule into northern India; their Minaret of Jam survives as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

    Era: Islam, the Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Timurids

    Sources: Ghaznavid dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ghazni — Afghanistan, History · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  4. Europe

    Ireland

    Anglo-Norman landing in Ireland

    At the invitation of the exiled Leinster king Diarmait Mac Murchada, Anglo-Norman, Welsh and Flemish forces landed in Wexford in 1169, beginning centuries of English involvement in Ireland.

    Era: Anglo-Norman Invasion, Plantation and Conquest

    Sources: Normans Invade Ireland · EBSCO Research Starters, Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland · New World Encyclopedia

  5. Europe

    Italy

    Lombard League defeats Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano

    The allied northern communes defeated the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano, securing recognition of communal liberties in northern Italy.

    Era: Medieval Italy: Papacy, Communes and Normans

    Sources: Italy (country overview and history) · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D. (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History) · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

  6. Asia

    Japan

    Genpei War

    Civil war between the Taira and Minamoto warrior clans ends with Minamoto victory at Dan-no-ura in 1185, shattering court supremacy and ushering in warrior rule.

    Era: Nara and Heian: The Classical Age

    Sources: Minamoto Yoritomo · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Kamakura period · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  7. Asia

    Palestine

    Saladin retakes Jerusalem

    Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, defeated the Crusaders and recaptured Jerusalem, largely ending Crusader rule over the city.

    Era: Islamic Palestine: Conquest, Caliphates, Crusades, and Mamluks

    Sources: Saladin · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Crusades · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  8. Asia

    Syria

    Saladin recaptures Jerusalem

    Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty that united Egypt and Syria, defeats the Crusaders and retakes Jerusalem, ending nearly nine decades of Frankish rule and becoming a legendary figure of the age.

    Era: Saladin, the Mamluks and Ottoman Rule

    Sources: Saladin — sultan of Egypt and Syria · Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ayyubid dynasty · Encyclopaedia Britannica

  9. Asia

    Cyprus

    Richard the Lionheart seizes Cyprus

    En route to the Third Crusade, King Richard I of England captured Cyprus from its Byzantine governor, ending Byzantine rule and opening the island to Latin Crusader control.

    Era: Crusader Kingdom, Venetian Colony and Ottoman Conquest

    Sources: Cyprus: History · Encyclopaedia Britannica